[Table/Fig-18]:
Supracardiac tapvc.
| Subtypes | supracardiac | cardiac | infracardiac | mixed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supracardiac Tapvc |
Pathway of pulmonary venous return: Common pulmonary vein left vertical vein left innominate vein right SVC right atrium |
|||
| Incidence [13] | Accounts for 50% of TAPVC patients. | |||
| Association | ASD/PFO Heterotaxy syndrome | |||
| Syndromes | ||||
| Imaging features Plain | “snowman sign or figure-of-8 configuration” = dilated vertical vein on the left, the innominate vein on the top, and the superior vena cava on the right form the head of the snowman; the body of the snowman is formed by the enlarged right atrium. | Pulmonary plethora | ||
| Imaging features specific | Echo demonstrates the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage MRI best for hemodynamic assessment CT | |||
| Management [8,9,13] | Surgical rerouting- by large side-to-side anastomosis between common pulmonary venous pathway and LA with ligation of vertical vein and closure of ASD | |||