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. 2016 Jun 9;46(8):641–675. doi: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1174669

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 1. — Comparison in male rats of distribution of background incidence for high incidence MNCL and LCTs versus Liver tumor incidence in (A) feeding studies and (B) Chamber studies. MNCLs have both a high incidence and wide distribution in comparison to the other tumor types which makes it difficult to determine if differences between treatment and control are treatment related or due to random chance. The difference in background incidence levels for LCTs in feeding studies (A) and chamber studies (B) maybe explains why five out of the seven NTP studies identified as having increased LCT incidence were inhalation studies. Possible biological reasons for the differences in background incidence are discussed in the text.