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. 2016 Jun 9;46(8):701–734. doi: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1182116

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© 2016 Altria Client Services LLC. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 4. — Cancer modulating activity as judged positive or negative by respective authors for mouse studies using nicotine administration via drinking water (stratified by average estimated daily nicotine dose). Positive modulating activity refers to stimulating carcinogenesis. Negative activity is the lack of a stimulating effect. Symbols characterize chemical/physical/transgene-based (circles) and cancer cell-based (triangles) studies with high (full symbols) and low (open symbols) adequacy scores.