Table 2. Overview of meta-analysis results.

Category	Theme	Explanation	Studies
Social Environment
	Adult relationships	Strong relationships between youth and adult program leaders and coaches	Armour et al. (2013), Camiré, Trudel, and Bernard (2013), Camiré et al. (2009a), Flett et al. (2013), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Gould et al. (2007), Harrist and Witt (2012), Holt et al. (2009), Iachini et al. (2014), Light (2010), Olushola et al. (2013), Schilling et al. (2007), Strachan and Davies (2015), Strachan et al. (2011), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Ward and Parker (2013), Walsh (2007), Martinek et al. (2006), Riley and Anderson-Butcher (2012)
	Peer relationships	Strong relationships among youth, including opportunities for peer leadership (including sense of community)	Allen et al. (2015), Armour et al. (2013), Bean et al. (2014), Whitley et al. (2015), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Goudas and Giannoudis (2010), Harrist and Witt (2012), Harrist and Witt (2014), Hayden et al. (2015), Holt et al. (2013), Holt et al. (2009), Johnston et al. (2013), Olushola et al. (2013), Schilling et al. (2007), Strachan and Davies (2015), Strachan et al. (2011), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Ward and Parker (2013), Weiss et al. (2013)
	Parental involvement	Parents supporting youth involvement in positive ways	Camiré et al. (2009a), Camiré et al. (2009b), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Gould et al. (2007), Holt et al. (2009), Neely and Holt (2014), Strachan et al. (2011), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Riley and Anderson-Butcher (2012)
Activities
	Life skill building activities	Use of specific pedagogical strategies focused on teaching life skills.	Armour et al. (2013), Bean et al. (2014), Brown and Fry (2011), Camiré and Trudel (2010), Camiré et al. (2009a), Camiré et al. (2012), Camiré et al. (2013), Cowan et al. (2012), Daud and Carruthers (2008), Dinanthompson et al. (2008), Escarti et al. (2010), Flett et al. (2013), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Goudas and Giannoudis (2010), Gould et al. (2007), Hardcastle et al. (2015), Harrist and Witt (2012), Harwood (2008), Neely and Holt (2014), Holt et al. (2008), Holt et al. (2012), Holt et al. (2013), Iachini et al. (2014), Light (2010), Olushola et al. (2013), Strachan et al. (2011), Trottier and Robitaille (2014), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Walsh (2007), Walsh et al. (2010), Weiss et al. (2013), Wright and Burton (2008)
	Transfer activities	Ways in which transfer of personal and social skills learned in sport to other life situations may occur.	Allen et al. (2015), Bruening et al. (2009), Koh et al. (2014), Camiré et al. (2009a), Camiré et al. (2012), Chinkov and Holt (2015), Flett et al. (2013), Goudas and Giannoudis (2010), Gould et al. (2007), Holt et al. (2013), Jones and Lavallee (2009a, 2009b), Newin et al. (2008), Simard et al. (2014), Trottier and Robitaille (2014), Wright and Burton (2008), Weiss et al. (2013)
PYD Outcomes	Personal domain	PYD outcomes related to personal development	Allen et al. (2015), Armour and Sandford (2013), Bruening et al. (2009), Camiré and Trudel (2010), Camiré et al. (2009a), Camiré et al. (2009b), Chinkov and Holt (2015), Daud and Carruthers (2008), Dinanthompson et al. (2008), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Fuller et al. (2013), Goudas and Giannoudis (2010), Hardcastle et al. (2015), Harrist and Witt (2014), Hayden et al. (2015), Holt et al. (2011), Holt et al. (2013), Holt et al. (2008), Johnston et al. (2013), Jones and Lavallee (2009a), Neely and Holt (2014), Newin et al. (2008), Peralta et al. (2014), Riley and Anderson-Butcher (2012), Simard et al. (2014), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Vella et al. (2011), Walsh et al. (2010), Weiss et al. (2013), Whitley et al. (2015)
	Social domain	PYD outcomes related to improved social relationships and skills	Armour and Sandford (2013), Bean et al. (2014), Bruening et al. (2009), Camiré and Trudel (2010), Camiré et al. (2009a), Camiré et al. (2009b), Chinkov and Holt (2015), Dinanthompson et al. (2008), Flett et al. (2013), Fraser-Thomas and Côté (2009), Fuller et al. (2013) , Gould et al. (2013), Harwood (2008) , Holt et al. (2011), Holt et al. (2013), Holt et al. (2009), Johnston et al. (2013), Jones and Lavallee (2009a), Light (2010), Martinek et al. (2006), Neely and Holt (2014) , Newin et al. (2008), Olushola et al. (2013), Riley and Anderson-Butcher (2012), Schilling et al. (2007), Strachan et al. (2011), Turnnidge et al. (2012), Vella et al. (2011), Walsh (2007) , Walsh et al. (2010), Weiss et al. (2013), Wright and Burton (2008)
	Physical domain	PYD outcomes related to physical skill development	Bruening et al. (2009) , Camiré et al. (2009a), Chinkov and Holt (2015), Fuller et al. (2015), Holt et al. (2013), Neely and Holt (2014), Vella et al. (2011)