Topographical analysis of N2N3 sleep EEG. Topoplots showing the regional decrease in normalized SWA power in patients (SADs) versus healthy controls. Rows represent frequency bands of interest as indicated: SWA (1–4 Hz), Theta (4–8 Hz), Alpha (8–12 Hz), Sigma (12–15 Hz), Beta (15–25 Hz), Low Gamma (25–40 Hz). First column: average NREM sleep EEG topographies across frequency bands for SADs subjects. Second column: topographical averages for healthy control matches during NREM sleep, scaled the same as SADs subjects. Third column: Map showing the individual electrode t-value (two-tailed, unpaired) maps for the comparison between SADs and control subjects in terms of absolute power. Blue values represent a decrease in absolute EEG power in SADs subjects relative to controls (SADs < control) and red values represent an increase (SADs > control). Fourth column: Same as third column except that each subject was spatially normalized using the z-score across electrodes before creating the t-value comparison. White dots indicate channels that belong to a statistically significant cluster of electrodes (P ≤ 0.05) using statistical nonparametric mapping suprathreshold cluster testing. Black dots indicate individual channels with P < 0.05 (uncorrected).