Table 1.
Demographic, Smoking and Treatment Outcome variables for each treatment condition and for combined contingency management conditions. Mean (standard deviation) longest duration of abstinence, percent negative carbon monoxide (CO) tests, and treatment attendance data for standard versus combined CM conditions, and for traditional CM versus enhanced CM conditions are included as outcome variables. (Note: Longest duration of abstinence was square-root transformed prior to analysis; Test statistics are t-test and Mann-Whitney U test)
| Variable | Standard (n = 17) | Traditional CM (n = 28) | Enhanced CM (n = 36) | Combined CM Conditions (n = 64) | Standard vs. Combined CM t or χ2 |
Traditional vs. Enhanced t or χ2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age M(SD) | 44.0(12.1) | 45.8(11.7) | 44.5(12.7) | 45.1(12.2) | t(79) = −.32, p = .75 | t(62) = .40, p = .69 |
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| Gender N(%) | χ2 (1,N=81) = .08, p = .78 | χ2 (1,N=64) = .07, p = .80 | ||||
| Male | 7(41.2) | 10(35.7) | 14(38.9) | 24(37.5) | ||
| Female | 10(58.8) | 18(64.3) | 22(61.1) | 40(62.5) | ||
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| Race N(%) | χ2 (2,N=81) = .45, p = | χ2 (2,N=64) = 2.98, p = | ||||
| European American | 5(29.4) | 7(31.8) | 15(41.7) | 22(34.4) | .80 | .23 |
| African American | 12(70.6) | 21(70.0) | 20(55.6) | 41(64.1) | ||
| Other | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(2.8) | 1(1.6) | ||
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| Employed N(%) | 16(94.1) | 24(85.7) | 29(80.6) | 53(82.8) | χ2 (1,N=81) = 1.36, p = .24 | χ2 (1,N=64) = .29, p = .59 |
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| Marital N(%) | χ2 (3,N=81) = 0.90, p = .83 | χ2 (3,N=64) = .88, p = .83 | ||||
| Never Married | 5(29.4) | 10(35.7) | 13(36.1) | 23(35.9) | ||
| Married/Cohab. | 6(35.3) | 6(21.4) | 11(30.6) | 17(25.6) | ||
| Widowed | 1(5.9) | 1(3.6) | 1(2.8) | 2(3.1) | ||
| Seperated/Divorced | 5(29.4) | 11(39.3) | 11(30.6) | 22(34.4) | ||
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| Education M(SD) | 13.4(1.9) | 14.1(1.8) | 14.6(2.0) | 14.3(1.9) | t(79) = −2.00, p = .05 | t(62) = −1.18, p = .24 |
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| Income (Median/IQ range) | $22,000 ($22,900) | $17,500 ($23,750) | $23,000 ($29,972) | $18,000 ($28,000) | U = 636.00, p = .24 | U = 487.50, p = .97 |
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| Age first smoking M(SD) | 16.1(3.5) | 17.7(5.1) | 16.3(3.6) | 16.9(4.3) | t(78) = −.77, p = .44 | t(61) = 1.28, p = .21 |
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| Number of cigarettes/day M(SD) | 19.3(8.8) | 14.7(9.8) | 16.8(8.0) | 15.9(8.8) | t(77) = 1.40, p = .16 | t(60) = −.92, p = .36 |
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| Fagerstrom Score M(SD) | 6.4(1.2) | 6.0(1.2) | 6.4(1.2) | 6.2(1.2) | t(77) = .55, p = .59 | t(60) = −1.26, p = .21 |
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| Treatment Outcomes | ||||||
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| Longest Duration of Abstinence (days) | 1.6(3.2) | 6.9(8.6) | 3.7(5.7) | 5.1(7.2) | t(79) = −2.21, p < .05 | t(62) = 1.63, p = .11 |
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| Percent of Negative CO Tests (<4ppm)/Sessions Attended (Median/IQ range) | 2.5(13.6) | 42.4(79.6) | 29.1(52.3) | 36.1(55.3) | U = 774.00, p < .01 | U = 433.00, p = .33 |
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| Percent of Baseline Sessions Attended | 93.5(9.3) | 85.7(15.5) | 86.7(18.5) | 86.3(17.1) | t(79) = 1.68, p = .10 | t(65) = −.22, p = .83 |
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| Percent of Treatment Sessions Attended | 74.7(31.0) | 69.8(24.4) | 68.5(30.7) | 69.1(27.9) | t(79) = .72, p = .48 | t(62) = −.18, p = .86 |
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| Total Prize Dollar amount (Median/IQ Range) | N/A | $121.00(197.55) | $120.56(257.09) | $120.56(216.51) | N/A | U = 507.5, p = .81 |
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| Prize Dollar Amount Week 1 (Median/IQ Range) | N/A | $21.00(46.00) | $23.50(54.00) | $23.00(48.00) | N/A | U = 595.5, p =.37 |