Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Sep 13;13(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0709-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — Macrophage/microglial HO-1 is critical to ICV DFX neuroprotection and improvement in cognitive outcome after SAH—Cortical and hippocampal damage as well as cognitive outcome were measured after SAH induction and ICV DFX treatment in the following HO-1 conditional knockouts: Hmox1^fl/fl, LyzM^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl, and Nes^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl. a Representative confocal images of cortical and hippocampus sections for each genotype after SAH on POD7. Each color represents the following: green = HO-1; red = Iba-1/microglia; yellow = overlap of green and red/co-localization of HO-1 and microglia; blue = DAPI nuclei counterstain. All scale bars = 20 μm. b The percent quantification of co-localization per high-powered field for each genotype’s Z-stacked images. Co-localization percentage was obtained by dividing the total number of yellow-positive cells by the total number of DAPI-positive cells. LyzM^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice showed the least HO-1/Iba-1 co-localization percentage in both the cortex and hippocampus as compared to Hmox1^fl/fl and Nes^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice (two-way ANOVA P < 0.05; *P < 0.05; n = 4 per group). c TUNEL (red) stained images of cortical and hippocampal sections from each group with DAPI (blue) nuclei counterstain on POD7 (scale bar = 20 μm). d Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells from each treated genotype. Both Hmox1^fl/fl and Nes^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice showed significantly less cortical and hippocampal damage than LyzM^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice when treated with ICV DFX. (Two-way ANOVA P < 0.05; *P < 0.05 between groups for cortical damage and **P < 0.05 between groups for hippocampal damage; n = 4 per group). e Morris water maze testing of HO-1 conditional knockout cognition after SAH induction and ICV DFX treatment. Inset, bar graph of data for POD4, 5, and 7 shows both Hmox1^fl/fl and Nes^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice performed significantly better than LyzM^Cre:Hmox1^fl/fl SAH mice on POD5 and 7 when treated with ICV DFX, with a similar trend on POD4. (Two-way ANOVA P < 0.05;^# P = 0.07 between groups on POD4; *P < 0.05 between groups on POD5 and 7; n = 4 per group)