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. 2016 Aug;11(8):1247–1253. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.189186

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Systematic representation of biochemical changes.

Under hypoxic condition, increased production of reactive oxygen species overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Lactic acidosis then occurs as a consequence of anaerobic metabolism due to which dissociated Ca2+ from the calmodulin activates calpain and leads to neuronal damage and apoptosis.