Table 2.
Perceptions of sleep in the intensive care unit
| Question | All Respondents* | Sleep Protocol in ICU |
P Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 391) | No or Unknown (n = 815) | |||
| In a 24-h day in the ICU, how many hours … | ||||
| Do your patients sleep? n = 1,192 | ||||
| <4 | 182 (15%) | 46 (12%) | 134 (17%) | 0.01 |
| ≥4 and <6 | 599 (50%) | 182 (47%) | 412 (52%) | |
| ≥6 and <8 | 277 (23%) | 105 (27%) | 171 (21%) | |
| ≥8 | 134 (11%) | 51 (13%) | 82 (10%) | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.5 (2.5) | 5.1 (2.2) | 0.001 |
| Of dedicated sleep are sufficient for your patients? n = 1,191 | ||||
| <6 | 57 (5%) | 17 (4%) | 40 (5%) | 0.14 |
| ≥6 and <8 | 450 (38%) | 131 (34%) | 316 (40%) | |
| ≥8 | 684 (57%) | 236 (61%) | 442 (55%) | |
| Mean (SD) | 7.6 (2.0) | 7.7 (1.7) | 7.6 (1.6) | 0.17 |
| Of sleep can be realistically achieved by your patients? n = 1,184 | ||||
| Less than 6 | 535 (45%) | 160 (42%) | 370 (47%) | 0.21 |
| ≥6 and <8 | 489 (41%) | 163 (43%) | 325 (41%) | |
| ≥8 | 160 (14%) | 59 (15%) | 99 (12%) | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.0) | 5.7 (1.8) | 5.5 (1.6) | 0.08 |
| Rate the overall quality of sleep while your patients are in the ICU, n = 1,207 | ||||
| Very poor | 233 (19%) | 51 (13%) | 181 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Poor | 668 (55%) | 205 (53%) | 454 (56%) | |
| Fair | 275 (23%) | 117 (30%) | 157 (19%) | |
| Good, very good, or excellent | 31 (3%) | 14 (4%) | 17 (2%) | |
| How important is it that your patients sleep while in the ICU? n = 1,206 | ||||
| 1 (unimportant) or 2 or 3 | 59 (5%) | 14 (4%) | 43 (5%) | 0.48 |
| 4 (moderately important) | 167 (14%) | 54 (14%) | 111 (14%) | |
| 5 (very important) | 447 (37%) | 137 (36%) | 304 (38%) | |
| 6 (extremely important) | 533 (44%) | 178 (46%) | 347 (43%) | |
| Do you believe that poor sleep could affect critically ill patients’ recovery? n = 1,214 | ||||
| Yes | 1,116 (88%) | 358 (92%) | 749 (92%) | 0.09 |
| No | 4 (0%) | 3 (1%) | 1 (0%) | |
| Maybe | 83 (7%) | 29 (7%) | 52 (6%) | |
| Do not know | 11 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 10 (1%) | |
| What aspects of patient recovery are adversely affected by poor sleep in the ICU? n = 1,207 |
||||
| Development or persistence of delirium | 1,168 (97%) | 381 (97%) | 777 (95%) | 0.08 |
| Development of depression | 1,073 (89%) | 343 (88%) | 722 (89%) | 0.66 |
| Hospital length of stay | 1,065 (88%) | 341 (87%) | 714 (88%) | 0.85 |
| Ability to participate in physical therapy | 1,055 (87%) | 342 (87%) | 703 (86%) | 0.56 |
| Liberation from mechanical ventilation | 1,001 (83%) | 323 (83%) | 669 (82%) | 0.82 |
| Ability to fight off infection | 935 (77%) | 315 (81%) | 613 (75%) | 0.04 |
| Ability to heal wounds | 833 (69%) | 286 (73%) | 540 (66%) | 0.02 |
| Survival | 646 (54%) | 217 (56%) | 423 (52%) | 0.24 |
Definition of abbreviation: ICU = intensive care unit.
*
Total responses do not total 1,223 because not all respondents answered the question. Percentages represent proportion of responses to completed questions.
†
Calculated using Student’s t test for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.