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. 2016 Sep 13;11(9):e0162875. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162875

Fig 1. Antinociceptive effects of YHS in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

Fig 1

(A) Antinociceptive effects of YHS (100–500 mg/kg) in the tail flick assay (n = 7–9). Two way ANOVA revealed significant drug effects (F6,49 = 38.26, P < 0.0001), time effect (F4,196 = 59.93, P < 0.0001) and drug x time interaction (F24,196 = 14.15, P < 0.0001) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test: drug vs vehicle, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (B) Comparison between YHS (500 mg/kg) and the mixture of l-THP (1 mg/kg) and DHCB (1 mg/kg) in the tail flick assay (n = 8–9). Tail-flick latencies were measured 60 min following drug administration. One way ANOVA revealed a significant drug effect (F2,22 = 42.85, P < 0.0001) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test: drug vs vehicle, *** P < 0.001, N.S., not significant; YHS vs L-THP+DHCB, ### P < 0.001. (C) Time course of the antinociceptive effects of YHS (200 mg/kg) in the formalin paw licking assay (n = 6–7). Two way ANOVA revealed significant drug effects (F2,17 = 36.59, P < 0.0001) and time effect (F9,153 = 10.22, P < 0.0001) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test: drug vs vehicle, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (D) Cumulative effects of the antinociceptive effects of YHS (200 mg/kg) in the formalin paw licking assay (n = 6–7). One-way ANOVA indicated significant drug effects in both Phase I (F2,17 = 34.92, P < 0.0001) and Phase II (F2,17 = 31.68, P < 0.0001) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc tests: drug vs vehicle, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (E) Antinociceptive effects of YHS (200 mg/kg) in the von Frey filament assay after spinal nerve ligation (n = 10). Two way ANOVA revealed a significant treatment effect (F3,36 = 11.42, P < 0.0001) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test: contralateral vs. ipsilateral, *** P < 0.001. (F) Antinociceptive effects of YHS (200 mg/kg) in the hot box assay after spinal nerve ligation (n = 10). Two way ANOVA revealed a significant treatment effect (F3,36 = 31.06, P < 0.0001) and drug x time interaction (F9,108 = 3.045, P = 0.0028) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test: *P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001.