Table 1. Baseline characteristics (intention to treat population).
| Characteristic | Paucigravidae | Multigravidae | All Gravidae (Pooled) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISTp-DP (n = 571) | IPTp-SP (n = 569) | ISTp-DP (n = 352) | IPTp-SP (n = 352) | ISTp-DP (n = 923) | IPTp-SP (n = 921) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||
| Study site | ||||||
| Madziabango | 21.9% (125/571) | 22.1% (126/569) | 31.3% (110/352) | 30.4% (107/352) | 25.5% (235/923) | 25.3% (233/921) |
| Mpemba | 51.5% (294/571) | 51.5% (293/569) | 54.3% (191/352) | 55.4% (195/352) | 52.6% (485/923) | 53.0% (488/921) |
| Chikwawa | 26.6% (152/571) | 26.4% (150/569) | 14.5% (51/352) | 14.2% (50/352) | 22.0% (203/923) | 21.7% (200/921) |
| Maternal age (years) | 19.5 (2.7) | 19.6 (2.8) | 27.3 (4.3) | 27.5 (4.2) | 22.5 (5.1) | 22.6 (5.1) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 8.1% (46/570) | 8.8% (50/569) | 2.0% (7/351) | 0.3% (1/352) | 5.8% (53/921) | 5.5% (51/921) |
| Married | 91.9% (524/570) | 91.2% (519/569) | 97.7% (343/351) | 99.1.% (349/352) | 94.1% (867/921) | 94.2% (868/921) |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 0.0% (0/570) | 0.0% (0/569) | 0.3% (1/351) | 0.6% (2/352) | 0.1% (1/921) | 0.2% (2/921) |
| Used a bednet last night | 18.2% (104/571) | 17.0% (97/569) | 18.2% (64/351) | 24.1% (85/352) | 18.2% (168/922) | 19.8% (182/921) |
| Schooling (years completed) | 6.7 (3.4) | 6.7 (3.3) | 4.4 (3.4) | 4.4 (3.9) | 5.8 (3.6) | 5.9 (3.7) |
| SES index score (terciles) | ||||||
| Low | 34.7% (198/570) | 33.3% (189/567) | 33.3% (117/351) | 31.5% (111/352) | 34.2% (315/921) | 32.6% (300/919) |
| Medium | 31.2% (178/570) | 32.1% (182/567) | 37.0% (130/351) | 36.1% (127/352) | 33.4% (308/921) | 33.6% (309/919) |
| High | 34.0% (194/570) | 34.6% (196/567) | 29.6% (104/351) | 32.4% (114/352) | 32.4% (298/921) | 33.7% (310/919) |
| Rainfall in the 3 mo before enrollment (average/month, in millimeters) | 22.8 (3.0–117.5) | 22.8 (3.0–117.5) | 23.8 (3.3–117.5) | 24.7 (3.3–117.5) | 22.8 (3.3–117.5) | 22.8 (3.3–117.5) |
| Pregnancy number (gravidity) | ||||||
| First | 54.5% (311/571) | 55.5% (316/569) | NA | NA | 33.8% (311/921) | 34.3% (316/920) |
| Second | 45.5% (260/571) | 44.5% (253/569) | NA | NA | 28.2% (260/921) | 27.5% (253/920) |
| Third | NA | NA | 44.0% (154/352) | 43.0% (151/351) | 16.7% (154/921) | 16.4% (151/920) |
| Fourth or higher | NA | NA | 56.0% (196/352) | 57.0% (200/351) | 21.3% (196/921) | 21.7% (200/920) |
| Gestational age by ultrasound (days) | 145.1 (23.0) | 144.5 (22.4) | 149.7 (23.7) | 149.1 (23.8) | 146.8 (23.3) | 146.2 (23.0) |
| Had a previous stillbirth/abortion | 5.1% (29/571) | 4.0% (23/569) | 14.2% (50/352) | 10.8% (38/352) | 8.6% (79/923) | 6.6% (61/921) |
| Maternal weight (kilograms) | 54.1 (6.8) | 54.4 (6.9) | 56.1 (7.5) | 57.0 (8.5) | 54.8 (7.2) | 55.4 (7.6) |
| Maternal height (centimeters) | 153.6 (4.8) | 154.0 (5.0) | 154.2 (5.2) | 154.5 (5.0) | 153.8 (5.0) | 154.2 (5.0) |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.7 (1.5) | 10.7 (1.5) | 11.5 (1.3) | 11.5 (1.3) | 11.0 (1.5) | 11.0 (1.4) |
| Plasmodium infection | ||||||
| RDT | 43.8% (250/571) | NA | 19.4% (68/351) | NA | 34.5% (318/922) | NA |
| Microscopy | 17.7% (100/565) | 20.8% (117/562) | 11.8% (41/347) | 9.4% (33/351) | 15.5% (141/912) | 16.4% (150/913) |
| PCR | 51.3% (285/556) | 51.7% (290/561) | 33.1% (115/347) | 28.7% (98/342) | 44.3% (400/903) | 43.0% (388/903) |
| Microscopy or PCR | 52.5% (300/571) | 54.9% (312/568) | 36.4% (128/352) | 31.5% (111/352) | 46.4% (428/923) | 46.0% (423/920) |
| Parasite density a | 1,000 (320–7,200) | 2,427 (507–9,600) | 320 (160–3,200) | 907 (213–4,267) | 800 (267–5,867) | 2,400 (320–8,000) |
Data are percent (n/N), mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range).
aParasite density per microliter, assessed by microscopy.
IPTp-SP, intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; ISTp-DP, intermittent screening and treatment in pregnancy with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; NA, not applicable; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; SES, socioeconomic status.