Table 3. Global index of muscle activity (Ker-EGI and global EMG-PS) and index of muscle activity for each muscle for the whole gait cycle, stance phase and swing phase (EMG-PS).

	Gait cycle			Stance phase			Swing phase
	DMD	Control	p	DMD	Control	p	DMD	Control	p
KeR-EGI	76.88 (16.9)	100.10 (7.90)	***
EMG-PS global	0.17 (0.04)	0.13 (0.03)	***	0.18 (0.04)	0.13 (0.01)	***	0.15 (0.04)	0.10 (0.02)	***
EMG-PS Rectus Femoris	0.17 (0.06)	0.13 (0.02)	*	0.16 (0.06)	0.11 (0.03)	*	0.18 (0.06)	0.12 (0.03)	*
EMG-PS Vastus Lateralis	0.14 (0.03)	0.13 (0.03)	p = 0.13	0.15 (0.05)	0.12 (0.02)	p = 0.09	0.11 (0.03)	0.10 (0.02)	p = 0.28
EMG-PS Hamstring	0.18 (0.04)	0.15 (0.03)	**	0.18 (0.06)	0.15 (0.03)	*	0.16 (0.05)	0.11 (0.02)	**
EMG-PS Tibialis anterior	0.20 (0.03)	0.14 (0.04)	***	0.18 (0.03)	0.13 (0.02)	***	0.22 (0.05)	0.13 (0.03)	***
EMG-PS Gastrocnemius Soleus	0.17 (0.07)	0.12 (0.03)	**	0.20 (0.06)	0.14 (0.03)	***	0.08 (0.01)	0.04 (0.01)	*

Ker-EGI, Ker-electromyography gait index; EMG-PS, electromyography profile score.

Since no significant differences were found between the muscle activations of each limb in either group, the results were pooled across sides for clarity and are presented for each muscle group (means and standard deviations).

^a p values were calculated using the Mann Whitney test (* p<0.05; ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).