Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Men | Women | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 874 (54.1) | 741 (45.9) | — |
| Mean age (years) | 67.1 (9.2) | 68.9 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Median WHO-5 score | 76 (60–80) | 72 (52–80) | <0.001 |
| Median EQ5D score | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 (0.8–1.0) | <0.001 |
| Median BMI | 28.0 (26.0–31.4) | 30.0 (26.7–34.0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 136 (15.6) | 73 (9.9) | 0.001 |
| MVC, n (%) | 411 (47.0) | 244 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Use of glucose lowering drugs, n (%) | 697 (79.7) | 560 (75.6) | 0.047 |
| Use of insulin, n (%) | 144 (16.5) | 133 (17.9) | 0.466 |
| Median diabetes duration | 8.3 (4.8–12.1) | 8.3 (4.4–12.7) | 0.884 |
| Median HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 50 (45–56) | 51 (45–57) | 0.426 |
| Microvascular complications, n (%) | 401 (45.9) | 292 (39.4) | 0.006 |
| Median PAM score | 55.6 (51.0–63.1) | 55.6 (48.9–61.9) | 0.235 |
| PAM level | 0.294 | ||
| 1 | 151 (17.3) | 131 (17.7) | |
| 2 | 200 (22.9) | 187 (25.2) | |
| 3 | 433 (49.5) | 334 (45.1) | |
| 4 | 90 (10.3) | 89 (12.0) |
Values are depicted as n (%), mean (SD), or median (IQR). Continuous data were analysed using independent t-tests or the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square tests.
BMI: body mass index; MVC: macrovascular complications.
Number of patients with missing values: WHO-5: 15, EQ5D: 46, BMI: 23, smoking: 25, MVC: 352, diabetes duration: 8, HbA1c: 22, and microvascular complications: 352.