Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Liraglutide (n = 154) |
Placebo (n = 146) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 62 (52–68) | 61 (51–67) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 31 (20) | 33 (23) |
| White race, No. (%)a | 82 (53) | 90 (62) |
| Hispanic, No. (%)a | 4 (3) | 11 (8) |
| Body mass index, median (IQR)b | 31 (26–36) | 33 (25–38) |
| Functional Measures | ||
| New York Heart Association Classification, No. (%) | ||
| II | 49 (32) | 36 (25) |
| III | 93 (60) | 96 (66) |
| IV | 8 (5) | 6 (4) |
| Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire summary scores, median (IQR)c |
||
| Clinicald | 46 (32–65) | 44 (29–65) |
| Overalle | 43 (30–61) | 41 (28–61) |
| 6-min walk distance, median (IQR), m | 234 (143–313) | 212 (141–311) |
| Physical Examination | ||
| Weight, median (IQR), kg | 93 (79–113) | 96 (76–117) |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | 108 (99–120) | 108 (99–118) |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), beats/min | 75 (68–85) | 76 (68–88) |
| Elevated jugular venous pressure, No. (%) | 72 (47) | 66 (45) |
| Edema, No. (%) | 82 (53) | 88 (60) |
| Duration since diagnosis of heart failure, median (IQR), y |
6.6 (3.3–12.5) | 6.1 (3.2–10.8) |
| Medical History, No. (%) | ||
| Prior hospitalization for heart failure within past year | 137 (89) | 125 (86) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 133 (86) | 113 (77) |
| Hypertension | 121 (79) | 114 (78) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 74 (48) | 70 (48) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 91 (59) | 87 (60) |
| Stage ≥3 chronic kidney diseasef | 65 (42) | 53 (36) |
| Heart Failure Medications at Enrollment, No. (%) | ||
| β-Blocker | 143 (93) | 139 (95) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker |
112 (73) | 104 (71) |
| Hydralazine | 51 (33) | 47 (32) |
| Long-acting nitrates | 60 (39) | 53 (36) |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 88 (57) | 89 (61) |
| Loop diuretic | 151 (98) | 146 (100) |
| Digoxin | 51 (33) | 51 (35) |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 12 (8) | 5 (3) |
| Lipid-lowering agent | 110 (71) | 110 (75) |
| Antiplatelet agent | 114 (74) | 102 (70) |
| Anticoagulant agent | 79 (51) | 80 (55) |
| Laboratory or Echocardiographic Measures, median (IQR) | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.6 (6.0–7.6) | 6.7 (5.9–7.9) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 132 (110–161) | 131 (108–164) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 36 (28–47) | 35 (29–47) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 72 (54–96) | 68 (57–92) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 97 (72–138) | 97 (73–145) |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, pg/mLg | 1936 (1075–4231) | 2083 (1020–4333) |
| Cystatin C, mg/Lg | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 25 (20–33) | 25 (19–32) |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, mL/m2 | 140 (112–173) | 137 (115–174) |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume index, mL/m2 | 104 (78–130) | 100 (80–133) |
| Ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic medial mitral annular velocity |
22 (17–28) | 23 (18–30) |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
SI conversion factors: To calculate creatinine to µmol/L, multiply by 88.4; low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113.
Race and ethnicity were self-reported.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Range from 1 to 100; higher scores indicate better function.
A composite score for functional status, quality of life, and social limitation.
Derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function, and quality-of-life domains.
Determined by enrollment site.
Determined at a central core laboratory that was blinded to treatment assignment.