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. 2016 Sep 14;6:33043. doi: 10.1038/srep33043

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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Step I: Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice were characterized by type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycemia and obesity. Feeding of high-fat diet or excess palmitate induces not only obesity but also insulin resistance. We investigated Kv 3.2 expression in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Step II: We identified whether Kv 3.2 expression regulates insulin resistance including ER stress and gluconeogenesis or not. Step III: Metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochlolride) is a biaguanide commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin attenuates the response of ER stress which is induced by excess free fatty acid. Also, metformin increases insulin sensitivity through the decrease of serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 which is increased by palmitate-induced ER stress. Therefore, we confirmed whether metformin modulates Kv 3.2 expression or not.