Table 1. Summary of study population characteristics.
| Study | KoCAS-1 | KoCAS-2 | KARE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 484 | 1548 | 8842 |
| Age (yr) | 10.83 ± 1.43 | 10.60 ± 1.36 | 52.22 ± 8.92 |
| Male/Female | 232/252 | 750/798 | 4183/4689 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.97 ± 3.82 | 18.43 ± 3.04 | 24.60 ± 3.12 |
| BMI z-score | 0.16 ± 1.03 | −0.02 ± 0.99 | — |
| Height (cm) | 145.29 ± 12.83 | 143.88 ± 10.45 | 160.00 ± 8.67 |
| Weight (kg) | 40.96 ± 11.83 | 38.76 ± 10.26 | 63.08 ± 10.12 |
| Waist (cm) | 65.99 ± 9.80 | 63.67 ± 8.89 | 82.67 ± 8.79 |
| Hip (cm) | 80.62 ± 10.25 | 79.28 ± 8.10 | 93.65 ± 5.93 |
| Waist/Hip | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.08 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 9.97 ± 6.39 | 8.74 ± 5.43 | 17.17 ± 5.42a |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112.54 ± 17.19 | 106.52 ± 11.21 | 122.23 ± 18.89 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 64.32 ± 8.90 | 67.00 ± 8.32 | 80.60 ± 11.79 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 58.93 ± 12.34 | 58.52 ± 11.54 | 44.66 ± 10.10 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 170.11 ± 28.15 | 169.73 ± 26.74 | 191.55 ± 36.02 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 76.43 ± 43.69 | 81.17 ± 51.08 | 162.44 ± 104.53 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 4.64 ± 0.42 | 4.75 ± 0.56 | 4.62 ± 0.49 |
| Insulinb (μU/mL) | 9.66 ± 6.53 | 8.98 ± 7.24 | 7.50 ± 4.57 |
| HOMA-IRb | 2.02 ± 1.45 | 1.95 ± 1.76 | 0.83 ± 0.50 |
aFat mass (KARE n = 7013).
bInsulin and HOMA-IR (KoCAS-1 n = 380, KoCAS-2 n = 1200, KARE n = 7495); Body mass index, BMI; High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL; Total cholesterol, TC; Triglycerides, TG; Fasting plasma glucose, FPG.