Table 4.
Mean scores and standard deviations for total SDQ, internalising, externalising and prosocial SDQ subscales by socio-demographic factors
| Outcome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total SDQ (0–40) | Internalising (0–20) | Externalising (0–20) | Prosocial (0–10) | ||
| n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| All | 6793 | 13.43 (6.49) | 5.98 (3.72) | 7.45 (3.95) | 7.19 (1.97) |
| Gender | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | |
| Male | 3390 | 12.96 (6.34) | 5.31 (3.57) | 7.64 (3.92) | 6.72 (2.04) |
| Female | 3403 | 13.90 (6.61) | 6.64 (3.74) | 7.25 (3.97) | 7.66 (1.78) |
| Age | p < .01 | p <0 .01 | p = 0.06 | p = 0.25 | |
| 12 | 829 | 13.12 (6.48) | 5.78 (3.61) | 7.35 (4.02) | 7.34 (1.93) |
| Male | 360 | 13.31 (6.23) | 5.39 (3.43) | 7.91 (3.93) | 6.94 (1.99) |
| Female | 469 | 12.98 (6.66) | 6.07 (3.73) | 6.91 (4.03) | 7.65 (1.82) |
| 13 | 2008 | 13.15 (6.45) | 5.79 (3.64) | 7.36 (3.94) | 7.20 (1.89) |
| Male | 1024 | 13.03 (6.41) | 5.42 (3.63) | 7.61 (3.87) | 6.77 (1.93) |
| Female | 984 | 13.28 (6.49) | 6.18 (3.61) | 7.10 (4.01) | 7.64 (1.75) |
| 14 | 1799 | 13.52 (6.54) | 5.97 (3.74) | 7.54 (4.00) | 7.15 (2.08) |
| Male | 885 | 12.93 (6.41) | 5.21 (3.55) | 7.72 (4.05) | 6.56 (2.18) |
| Female | 914 | 14.09 (6.62) | 6.72 (3.77) | 7.38 (3.94) | 7.71 (1.80) |
| 15 | 1484 | 13.94 (6.46) | 6.30 (3.82) | 7.64 (3.85) | 7.14 (1.97) |
| Male | 736 | 12.79 (6.15) | 5.19 (3.52) | 7.60 (3.82) | 6.68 (2.05) |
| Female | 748 | 15.07 (6.56) | 7.39 (3.78) | 7.69 (3.89) | 7.60 (1.77) |
| 16 | 673 | 13.25 (6.53) | 6.10 (3.74) | 7.15 (3.95) | 7.21 (1.94) |
| Male | 385 | 12.83 (6.44) | 5.44 (3.67) | 7.39 (3.95) | 6.85 (1.96) |
| Female | 288 | 13.81 (6.62) | 6.97 (3.66) | 6.83 (3.94) | 7.70 (1.80) |
| Aboriginality | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.001 | |
| Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander | 732 | 15.41 (6.69) | 6.70 (3.87) | 8.71 (4.01) | 6.90 (2.07) |
| Non-Aboriginal | 6061 | 13.19 (6.43) | 5.89 (3.69) | 7.30 (3.92) | 7.23 (1.95) |
| Socioeconomic Disadvantage (SED)a | p = 0.09 | p = 0.17 | p = 0.26 | p = 0.43 | |
| Quintile 1 (most disadvantaged) | 725 | 13.22 (6.69) | 5.88 (3.76) | 7.34 (4.04) | 7.12 (1.96) |
| Quintile 2 | 2090 | 13.62 (6.41) | 6.11 (3.67) | 7.52 (3.93) | 7.21 (1.94) |
| Quintile 3 | 2781 | 13.55 (6.48) | 6.01 (3.75) | 7.53 (3.94) | 7.18 (2.00) |
| Quintile 4 and 5 | 1184 | 12.89 (6.50) | 5.71 (3.68) | 7.18 (3.91) | 7.24 (1.96) |
| Quintile 4 | 1116 | 12.97 (6.49) | 5.75 (3.65) | 7.23 (3.93) | 7.20 (1.97) |
| Quintile 5 (least disadvantaged) | 68 | 11.57 (6.60) | 5.15 (4.17) | 6.43 (3.52) | 7.91 (1.70) |
| Remoteness (ARIA) | p = 0.63 | p = 0.25 | p = 0.97 | p = 0.29 | |
| Major cities Australia | 3311 | 13.50 (6.55) | 6.06 (3.77) | 7.45 (3.96) | 7.24 (1.97) |
| Inner regional Australia | 2611 | 13.35 (6.46) | 5.91 (3.66) | 7.44 (3.97) | 7.18 (1.97) |
| Outer regional/remote Australia | 860 | 13.34 (6.35) | 5.86 (3.65) | 7.48 (3.86) | 7.00 (1.95) |
aFor all statistical analyses quintiles 4 and 5 were combined due to a small sample distribution of participants and schools in quintile 5