Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the subjects
| Variables | All (n = 35) | Conventional group (n = 18) | Sitagliptin group (n = 17) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 month | 0 month | 12 months | 24 months | 0 month | 12 months | 24 months | |
| Age, y | 66.5 ± 8.9 | 64.1 ± 10.3 | 69.1 ± 6.5 | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 20 (57.1) | 11 (61.1) | 9 (52.9) | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 ± 4.2 | 27.2 ± 5.0 | 27.1 ± 4.9 | 27.0 ± 4.8 | 26.8 ± 3.3 | 26.9 ± 3.3 | 26.5 ± 3.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128.0 ± 13.1 | 127.2 ± 14.0 | 129.5 ± 15.3 | 123.6 ± 12.5 | 136.9 ± 16.7 | 138.6 ± 15.6 | 133.2 ± 13.3* |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72.8 ± 10.1 | 78.8 ± 10.6 | 75.4 ± 10.9 | 72.4 ± 10.2 | 79.8 ± 8.9 | 78.5 ± 8.8 | 76.5 ± 8.8 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 67.3 ± 9.5 | 67.1 ± 8.6 | 67.7 ± 10.3 | 67.9 ± 8.5 | 67.2 ± 9.6 | 65.6 ± 10.7 | 68.0 ± 12.9 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 72.0 ± 19.5 | 71.8 ± 19.3 | 70.5 ± 19.6 | 79.5 ± 24.6 | 72.2 ± 20.2 | 72.2 ± 22.7 | 76.8 ± 24.3 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.66 ± 0.75 | 4.74 ± 0.87 | 4.95 ± 1.19 | 4.72 ± 0.98 | 4.57 ± 0.60 | 4.57 ± 0.78 | 4.60 ± 0.69 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.38 ± 0.48 | 1.49 ± 0.47 | 1.55 ± 0.53 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | 1.26 ± 0.47 | 1.26 ± 0.65 | 1.43 ± 0.97 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.42 ± 0.37 | 1.38 ± 0.45 | 1.44 ± 0.40 | 1.45 ± 0.37 | 1.47 ± 0.27 | 1.46 ± 0.33 | 1.47 ± 0.34 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.04 ± 1.11 | 7.03 ± 1.04 | 7.14 ± 1.46 | 6.66 ± 1.67 | 7.05 ± 1.21 | 6.66 ± 1.27 | 6.48 ± 0.81 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.4 |
| Brachial artery diameter, mm | 4.08 ± 0.55 | 4.05 ± 0.60 | 4.02 ± 0.60 | 3.98 ± 0.58 | 4.11 ± 0.52 | 4.14 ± 0.59 | 4.19 ± 0.67 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 5 (19.2) | 5 (41.7) | 0 (0)* | ||||
| Complications | |||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 26 (74.3) | 13 (72.2) | 13 (76.5) | ||||
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 25 (71.4) | 11 (61.1) | 14 (82.4) | ||||
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 18 (51.4) | 8 (44.4) | 10 (58.8) | ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 3 (8.5) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (5.9) | ||||
| Antidiabetic drugs | |||||||
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 10 (28.6) | 5 (27.8) | 6 (33.0) | 6 (33.0) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (17.6) | 3 (17.6) |
| Metformin, n (%) | 9 (25.7) | 5 (27.8) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 13 (37.1) | 4 (22.2) | 8 (44.4) | 8 (44.4) | 9 (52.9) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (35.3) |
| Pioglitazone, n (%) | 4 (11.4) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) |
| Glinide, n (%) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Antihyperlipidemic drugs | |||||||
| Statin, n (%) | 21 (60.0) | 8 (44.4) | 8 (44.4) | 9 (50.0) | 13 (76.4) | 12 (70.1) | 12 (70.1) |
| Fibrate, n (%) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid, n (%) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) |
| Ezetimibe, n (%) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | |||||||
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 21 (60.0) | 11 (61.1) | 11 (61.1) | 11 (61.1) | 10 (58.8) | 10 (58.8) | 10 (58.8) |
| ARB, n (%) | 20 (57.1) | 11 (61.1) | 11 (61.1) | 11 (61.1) | 9 (52.9) | 10 (58.8) | 10 (58.8) |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 5 (14.2) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 8 (22.9) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 8 (22.9) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (29.4) | 5 (29.4) |
| Others | |||||||
| Antiplatelet agent, n (%) | 18 (51.4) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (38.9) | 11 (64.7) | 12 (70.6) | 12 (70.6) |
HDL high-density lipoprotein; ARB angiotensin receptor blockers; ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
* P < 0.05 vs. control group