Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrating predictors of persistent compared with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Variables	Model 1: sRAGE		Model 2: esRAGE
	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Antiarrhythmic agent	0.38 (0.10, 1.18)	0.16	0.16 (0.10, 1.48)	0.16
ACEi or ARB	0.31 (0.08, 1.25)	0.10	0.30 (0.08, 1.17)	0.08
Serum RAGE (per 100 pg/ml)	1.13 (1.03, 1.24)	0.007	1.26 (1.04, 1.51)	0.02

ACEi = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; CI = confidence intervals; OR = odds ratio; RAGE = receptor for advanced glycation end products