Table 1. Participant characteristics by sarcopenia and obesity status in the Kashiwa study.
| Sarcopenia/Obesity | Sarcopenia/Non-obesity | Non-sarcopenia/Obesity | Non-sarcopenia/Non-obesity | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 64 | N = 236 | N = 292 | N = 1139 | ||
| Age | 77.1 (5.2) | 76.9 (6.0) | 72.9 (5.4) | 71.8 (4.8) | <.001 |
| Male | 50% | 36.9% | 51.0% | 53.3% | <.001 |
| Physical activity | 1980 (870, 3660) | 2020 (930, 4000) | 2570 (1360, 4970) | 3120 (1680, 5400) | <.001 |
| Education level | 0.003 | ||||
| Below high school | 25.0% | 19.5% | 13.4% | 11.7% | |
| High school | 43.8% | 52.1% | 50.7% | 47.7% | |
| College or higher | 31.3% | 28.4% | 36.0% | 40.7% | |
| Living alone | 12.5% | 11.9% | 13.7% | 9.3% | 0.65 |
| Socially isolated | 28.1% | 22.5% | 18.5% | 19.8% | 0.71 |
| Social Cohesion Scale | 13.7 (2.2) | 13.8 (2.1) | 14.0 (1.8) | 14.1 (2.0) | 0.65 |
| Chronic comorbidity burden | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.1) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Stroke | 7.8% | 7.6% | 6.5% | 5.1% | 0.71 |
| Diabetes | 20.3% | 10.6% | 15.4% | 10.2% | 0.07 |
| Heart disease | 18.8% | 24.2% | 20.6% | 14.5% | 0.008 |
| Cancer | 17.2% | 16.1% | 15.1% | 14.6% | 0.89 |
| Antidepressant use | 1.6% | 0.9% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.71 |
| Statin use | 31.3% | 22.9% | 31.9% | 21.3% | 0.008 |
| Poor sleeper | 39.1% | 41.5% | 28.8% | 25.9% | <.001 |
| Food intake | <.001 | ||||
| Very large | 1.6% | 1.7% | 2.7% | 2.9% | |
| Large | 10.9% | 7.2% | 20.6% | 14.6% | |
| Normal | 65.6% | 61.4% | 67.5% | 71.5% | |
| Small | 21.9% | 25.4% | 8.9% | 9.9% | |
| Very small | 0% | 4.2% | 0.3% | 1.1% |
Mean and standard deviation are shown for continuous variables, except for physical activity whose distribution was highly skewed and therefore median and interquartile range are shown for physical activity. Proportions as percent are shown for categorical variables. Percentages may not add up to 100 because of rounding.
p-values for group differences were calculated using ANOVA test for continuous variables (or Kruskal-Wallis test for physical activity) and chi-squared test for categorical variables. p values were adjusted using the Hochberg procedure.