Dosage of Th1 type cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of control rats and rats repleted with AMs treated or not with BCG. Cytokine levels were measured in the first 5 mL of BAL from investigated rats using ELISA. Hatched and closed bars represent saline and ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, respectively. In the controls, OVA challenge did not increase IFN-γ (a) and IL-12p40 (b) production. Transfer of cultured and BCG-stimulated AMs significantly (*P<0.05) increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-12p40 in BAL compared with saline and OVA groups. Means ± SEM of eight to 10 experiments. AMs, alveolar macrophage; Th1, T-helper type 1; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.