Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Diabetes Development Status
| All (n = 3776) % or means ± SD |
Developing diabetes group (n = 200) % or means ± SD |
Diabetes-free group (n = 3576) % or means ± SD |
t-/chi-square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 58.41 ± 6.01 | 58.24 ± 5.58 | 58.42 ± 6.04 | −0.42 |
| Female | 48.9 | 50.5 | 48.9 | 0.21 |
| Education (years) | 6.64 ± 4.64 | 6.52 ± 4.39 | 6.64 ± 4.65 | −0.33 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.31 | 25.63 ± 3.63 | 23.68 ± 3.26 | 7.40*** |
| Current cigarette smoking | 0.32 | |||
| Yes | 27.2 | 25.5 | 27.3 | |
| No | 72.8 | 74.5 | 72.7 | |
| Daily alcohol consumption | 0.09 | |||
| Yes | 30.9 | 30.0 | 31.0 | |
| No | 69.1 | 70.0 | 69.0 | |
| Diet control | 5.19* | |||
| Yes | 55.3 | 47.5 | 55.7 | |
| No | 44.7 | 52.5 | 44.3 | |
| Exercise | 0.42 | |||
| High | 43.6 | 42.0 | 43.7 | |
| Middle | 16.0 | 17.5 | 15.9 | |
| Low | 40.4 | 40.5 | 40.4 | |
| Hypertension | 36.58*** | |||
| Yes | 18.0 | 34.0 | 17.1 | |
| No | 82.0 | 66.0 | 82.9 | |
| Heart disease | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.9 | |
| No | 90.1 | 90.0 | 90.1 | |
| Stroke | 3.70† | |||
| Yes | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.0 | |
| No | 98.9 | 97.5 | 99.0 |
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, † p < 0.08