Table 1.
Effects of engineered metal nanoparticles on plants
| Nanoparticle | Size (nm) | Plant | Concentration | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dodecanethiol functionalized gold | – | Lactuca sativa | 0.013 % (w/w) | No effect on the seed germination, improved shoot-to-root ratio | [68] |
| Gold | 10 | Cucumis sativus, Lactuca sativa | 62, 100, 116 mg L−1 | Positive effect on germination index | [45] |
| Mixture of gold/copper | – | Lactuca sativa | 0.013 % (w/w) | No effect on the germination, improved shoot-to-root ratio | [68] |
| Gold | 24 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 10 μg/ml, 10 and 80 μg mL−1 | Enhance total seed yield, improved seed germination rate; vegetative growth and free radical scavenging activity | [3] |
| Gold | – | Vigna unguiculata | 1 mM | No effect on growth, proline and malondialdehyde | [75] |
| Gold | – | Brassica juncea | 25 ppm | Improved seed germination rate | [2] |
| Gold | 2–19 | Hordeum vulgare | 10 μg mL−1 | No effect on seed germination, reduced plant biomass | [24] |
| Gold | ~25 | Gloriosa superba | 1000 μM | Improved seed germination rate, vegetative growth | [66] |