Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of clinical and laboratory data of participants.
| Characteristics | Controls n = 207 |
Cases n = 50 |
p-Value | ANCOVA p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (years) | 83 (6) | 84 (8) | 0.257 | – |
| Gender: female, % (n) | 79 (164) | 24 (12) | < 0.001 | – |
| Depressive symptoms, % (n) | 22 (31) | 32 (13) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Mild | 16 (27) | 12 (5) | 0.884 | 0.895 |
| Moderate to severe | 2 (4) | 20 (8) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % (n) | 23 (48) | 16 (8) | 0.341 | 0.449 |
| Hypertension, % (n) | 77 (159) | 68 (34) | 0.205 | 0.981 |
| Current smoking, % (n) | 2 (5) | 14 (7) | 0.003 | 0.021 |
| Prior smoking, % (n) | 27 (55) | 42 (21) | 0.039 | 0.590 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, % (n) | 83 (171) | 58 (29) | 0.004 | 0.119 |
| Aspirin, % (n) | 29 (59) | 26 (13) | 0.861 | 0.355 |
| Statin, % (n) | 39 (81) | 2 (1) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration rate, (mL/min) | 69.8 ± 18.9 | 54.8 ± 20.8 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| HDL-C, (mg/dL) | 55 ± 14 | 44 ± 10 | < 0.001 | 0.763 |
| LDL-C, (mg/dL) | 114 ± 36 | 110 ± 39 | 0.495 | 0.571 |
| Triglycerides, (mg/dL) | 115 (65) | 105 (55) | 0.085 | 0.616 |
| C-reactive protein, (mg/dL) | 1.90 (2.38) | 0.52 (1.09) | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mm Hg) | 142 (25) | 130 (40) | 0.040 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, (mm Hg) | 73 (15) | 80 (30) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Heart rate, (bpm) | 73 (15) | 70 (26) | 0.436 | 0.001 |
a
Analysis of covariance with adjustment for gender and age. HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Normal data are presented as mean ± SD and skewed data as median and interquartile range (IQR).