TABLE 3—
Difference in Pretax Price (in US Dollars) for Tobacco and Nontobacco Products, by Store Type and Neighborhood Demographics: Tobacco Retailers in the United States, 2012
| Cigarettes |
Water |
||||
| Variable | Marlboro (n = 2290), Coefa (95% CI) | Newport (n = 2069), Coefa (95% CI) | Cheapest Pack (n = 2310), Coefa (95% CI) | Dasani (n = 1376), Coefa (95% CI) | Aquafina (n = 395), Coefa (95% CI) |
| Intercept | 4.23 (4.12, 4.35) | 4.74 (4.57, 4.90) | 2.98 (2.86, 3.11) | 1.64 (1.58, 1.70) | 1.65 (1.63, 1.68) |
| Store type | |||||
| Pharmacy (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Convenience store | 0.36 (0.23, 0.49) | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.28) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.31) | −0.36 (−0.43, −0.29) | −0.35 (−0.40, −0.31) |
| Liquor store | 0.53 (0.31, 0.75) | 0.27 (−0.03, 0.57) | 0.28 (0.06, 0.50) | −0.38 (−0.48, −0.29) | −0.43 (−0.61, −0.26) |
| Small grocery store | 0.63 (0.41, 0.85) | 0.40 (0.14, 0.65) | 0.57 (0.30, 0.84) | −0.26 (−0.36, −0.16) | −0.47 (−0.62, −0.31) |
| Supermarket | 0.52 (0.40, 0.64) | 0.65 (0.46, 0.83) | 0.36 (0.23, 0.48) | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.02) | −0.13 (−0.20, −0.05) |
| Tobacco store | −0.01 (−0.21, 0.20) | −0.14 (−0.38, 0.11) | 0.09 (−0.27, 0.45) | −0.19 (−0.35, −0.03) | −0.67 (−0.72, −0.63) |
| Other | 0.41 (0.22, 0.60) | 0.14 (−0.08, 0.36) | 0.26 (0.00, 0.52) | −0.41 (−0.52, −0.31) | −0.39 (−0.61, −0.17) |
| Neighborhood demographics | |||||
| Race, % | |||||
| African American | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | −0.09 (−0.15, −0.04) | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.01) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.07 (−0.09, 0.24) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.25) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.02) |
| Multiple or other race(s) | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.24, 0.09) | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) |
| Hispanic, % | 0.02 (−0.13, 0.16) | 0.01 (−0.14, 0.17) | −0.18 (−0.35, 0.00) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.09) | 0.04 (0.00, 0.09) |
| Age, y, % | |||||
| Birth–17 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) |
| 18–24 | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.10) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.00) |
| Median household income | 0.12 (−0.00, 0.24) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.19 (0.04, 0.34) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) |
| Population density | 0.43 (0.33, 0.54) | 0.37 (0.23, 0.50) | 0.42 (0.31, 0.53) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) |
| R2 | 0.315 | 0.271 | 0.285 | 0.241 | 0.407 |
Note. Coef = coefficient; CI = confidence interval.
a
Coefficients from ordinary least squares regression with a CI that includes 0.00 are not statistically significant (P < .05). Neighborhood demographics are standardized across the entire sample; for example, Newport menthol cost $0.09 less with each standard deviation (18-percentage-point) increase in the percentage of African Americans. Pretax price excludes sales tax and state excise tax (cigarettes only).