TABLE 1—

Characteristics of 2679 Participants During Pre- (2014) and Posttax (2015) Periods in Berkeley, CA, and Comparison Cities (Oakland and San Francisco, CA)

	Berkeley			Comparison Cities			P for Differencesa
Characteristic	Pretax (n = 328), Mean ±SD or %	Posttax (n = 545), Mean ±SD or %	Pb	Pretax (n = 662), Mean ±SD or %	Posttax (n = 1144), Mean ±SD or %	Pb	Pretax	Posttax
Age, y	43 ±16	46 ±17	.01	39 ±15	44 ±16	< .001	< .001	.01
Female	46	53	.10	54	60	< .01	.04	< .01
Race/ethnicity
African American	33	31	.70	34	33	.71	.77	.59
Hispanic	24	20	.18	36	38	.32	< .001	< .001
White	27	32	.18	18	16	.17	< .01	< .001
Other	16	17	.74	13	14	.56	.28	.03
Survey in Spanish	10	13	.17	17	25	< .01	< .01	< .001
Highest education
< high school	6	10	.07	12	20	< .001	.01	< .001
High school or GED	22	19	.29	30	24	< .01	< .01	< .01
Some college	30	26	.18	27	30	.28	.29	.18
College graduate	25	27	.39	21	19	.29	.18	< .001
Graduate school	17	18	.68	10	8	.13	< .01	< .001

Note. GED = general equivalency diploma. Percentages were calculated by excluding those with missing data from the denominator.

^aBetween Berkeley, California, and comparison cities.

^bFor differences between pre- and posttax periods within cities.