Table 1.
Changes of clinical and biochemical parameters after treatment
| BBR plus LSI (n = 41) | P value | LSI (n = 39) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After 16 w | Baseline | After 16 w | |||
| Sex (M/F) | 26/15 | 20/19 | ||||
| Age (years) | 51.2 ± 9.4 | 50.8 ± 10.4 | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 77.0 ± 15.4 | 72.8 ± 13.3 | <0.01 | 75.9 ± 10.6 | 74.0 ± 11.1 | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.1 | 25.5 ± 3.3 | <0.01 | 27.3 ± 3.0 | 26.0 ± 5.9 | <0.05 |
| Waist (cm) | 94.5 ± 11.1 | 89.7 ± 9.7 | <0.01 | 93.1 ± 7.3 | 90.8 ± 8.5 | <0.05 |
| HFC (%) | 30.3 (22.2–44.0) | 13.6 (9.3–17.4) | <0.01 | 28.7 (21.9–46.8) | 20.3 (11.3–33.0) | <0.05 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | ||||||
| 0 min | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | <0.01 | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 0.47 |
| 30 min | 11.1 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.9 | <0.05 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 10.4 ± 2.1 | 0.13 |
| 60 min | 13.1 ± 2.5 | 11.1 ± 2.6 | <0.05 | 13.0 ± 2.6 | 11.9 ± 3.1 | <0.05 |
| 120 min | 11.2 ± 3.0 | 8.6 ± 2.8 | <0.05 | 10.8 ± 3.3 | 10.1 ± 2.9 | 0.14 |
| 180 min | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | <0.05 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | <0.05 |
| AUCg | 42.4 ± 7.6 | 36.3 ± 8.4 | <0.05 | 41.2 ± 8.4 | 39.1 ± 9.3 | <0.05 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | <0.01 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 0.11 |
| Serum insulin (mU/mL) | ||||||
| 0 min | 13.4 (8.5–16.2) | 10.8 (8.5–14.1) | 0.97 | 3.4 (8.6–18.6) | 12.4 (7.1–19.1) | 0.89 |
| 30 min | 41.0 (30.6–62.2) | 47.9 (33.3–88.5) | 0.34 | 59.9 (33.2–83.4) | 54.2 (28.8–77.7) | 0.28 |
| 120 min | 69.9 (47.5–100.9) | 68.0 (41.2–103.1) | 0.75 | 78.1 (57.1–132.7) | 74.6 (45.7–117.9) | 0.23 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.6 (2.4–4.1) | 2.8 (2.2–3.9) | 0.21 | 3.7 (2.5–5.0) | 3.4 (1.8–5.1) | 0.32 |
| HOMAβ | 88.2 (54.3–114.4) | 93.1 (64.1–129.6) | 0.12 | 97.7 (62.2–151.1) | 100.0 (56.8–152.6) | 0.69 |
| ΔI30/ΔG30 | 8.0 (4.1–13.6) | 10.7 (5.3–20.3) | P < 0.05 | 9.4 (5.0–16.6) | 9.3 (3.6–18.6) | 0.65 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | P < 0.01 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 0.92 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | P < 0.05 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 0.69 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.65 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.55 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | P < 0.05 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 0.73 |
| APO-A(g/L) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | P < 0.05 | 1.3 (1.0–1.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.89 |
| APO-B(g/L) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | P < 0.05 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.28 |
| APO-E (mg/L) | 48.0 (37.0–57.3) | 42.5 (36.0–49.7) | 0.08 | 44.0 (37.9–52.3) | 44.0 (38.5–56.5) | 0.94 |
| LP(a) (mg/L) | 104.0 (50.0–248.0) | 101.0 (49.5–272.0) | P < 0.05 | 155.0 (78.0–218.0) | 160.0 (90.3–263.0) | 0.23 |
| Liver enzyme (U/L) | ||||||
| ALT | 36.0 (24.5–47.0) | 21.0 (13.5–29.5) | P < 0.01 | 34.0 (25.3–46.5) | 21.0 (15.0–36.3) | P < 0.01 |
| AST | 25.0 (20.0–32.0) | 19.0 (16.0–22.5) | P < 0.01 | 25.0 (20.0–30.0) | 20.5 (15.8–27.0) | P < 0.05 |
| γ-GT | 39.0 (26.0–67.5) | 30.0 (23.0–43.0) | P < 0.01 | 33.0 (22.0–56.5) | 27.5 (20.5–48.8) | P < 0.05 |
The data were presented as the mean ± SD, except for skewed variables, which were presented as the median with the interquartile range given in parentheses
LSI lifestyle intervention, BBR plus LSI berberine treatment plus lifestyle intervention, BMI body-mass index, HFC hepatic fat content, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, γ-GT γ-glutamyltransferase