Table 3.
Mean energy intake in individual studies compared to UK estimated average requirement
| Study | Second Trimester | Third Trimester | Mean over pregnancy | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N= | Mean | Confidence Interval | N= | Mean | Confidence Interval | N= | Mean | Confidence Interval | ||
| Energy kcal/day a | Baker (2009) | 290 | ↓2147 | 2075, 2219 | ||||||
| Castillo-Duran (2001) a | 249 | ↓1887 | 1825, 1949 | 249 | ↓2030 | 1968, 2092 | ||||
| Castillo-Duran (2001) b | 258 | ↓1863 | 1790, 1936 | 258 | ↓1982 | 1927, 2038 | ||||
| Chan (2006) | 23 | ↔2223 | 2057, 2389 | 23 | ↓2276 | 2059, 2493 | ||||
| Derbyshire (2009) | 20 | ↓2273 | 2052, 2494 | |||||||
| Giddens (2000) | 59 | ↓2342 | 2187, 2497 | |||||||
| Gutierrez (1999) | 46 | ↔2390 | 2150, 2630 | 46 | ↔2620 | 2389, 2851 | ||||
| Job (1995) | 70 | ↓2134 | 1949, 2320 | |||||||
| Lee (2013) | 133 | ↓2303 | 2161, 2446 | 156 | ↔2273 | 2167, 2379 | ||||
| Pobocik (2003) | 434 | ↑2487 | 2388, 2586 | |||||||
aComparison to UK EARs, First and Second Trimester requirement (Average UK EAR for Females aged 11–19) 2355 kcal/day, Third Trimester requirement 2546 kcal/day, Mean over pregnancy requirement (average of three trimester values) 2419 kcal/d, ↑ Study mean higher than reference value (p < 0.05), ↔ Study mean not different to reference value (p < 0.05), ↓ Study mean lower than reference value (p < 0.05)