Physiological and pathological retinal vascularization in Long–Evans rats. (A) Percentage of avascular peripheral retina vs. postnatal age for control and ROP Long–Evans rats. Because the time course for retinal vascularization appears to vary in different strains of rats, we measured the percent of avascular retina during the development of the strain used in this study. Green triangles indicate control retinas; brown triangles, ROP retinas. This panel shows that 50/10 protocol delays retinal vascularization. (Inset) The 50/10 variable oxygen protocol. (B) Amount of preretinal neovascularization vs. postnatal age of ROP rats. (Inset) Averaged values plotted on a log scale. After physiological intraretinal angiogenesis results in vascularization of the peripheral retina, preretinal neovascular complexes start to regress dramatically, although some complexes persist for weeks. (C, Left) Isolectin GS-IB4–stained P40 ROP retina with residual neovascular complexes in the far periphery. (C, Right) Higher-magnification images of the neovascular complexes.