Fig. 3.

fMRI data, distinct coding of prosocial prediction errors. (A) Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) responses to PEs when learning to benefit another person. (B) Overlay of sgACC response (green) and VS response (yellow). Image displayed at P < 0.001 uncorrected, and all peak voxels survive P < 0.05 FWE-SVC. Crucially, the sgACC region in which activity covaried with prosocial PEs did not overlap with the ventral striatum clusters. (C) sgACC response was modulated by individual differences in empathy (online simulation).