FIGURE 2.

Performance of VqSTS21 transgenic Arabidopsis lines and untransformed controls following inoculation with powdery mildew and expression of defense-related genes. VqSTS21 transgenic lines (L1, L2, and L3) and untransformed controls (Col-0) were infected with powdery mildew (PM). (A) Representative images of plants were taken 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Scale bar = 50 mm. (B,C) Trypan blue and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining were carried out on leaves 5 dpi in order to detect cell death (B) and superoxide anion (${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\mathrm{–}}$) accumulation (C), respectively, as noted by arrows. Scale bars = 10 mm. (D,E) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes in leaves collected 0, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h post-inoculation (hpi) as established via qPCR. Data represent mean values ± SD (with values from time point 0 hpi set to 1) from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences between Col-0 and transgenic lines as determined by Student’s t-test. (^∗0.01 < P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01).