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. 2016 Aug 3;109(5):713–723. doi: 10.1093/aesa/saw043

Table 2.

Bee species and ecological characteristics of bees collected in Springfield, MA, yards from 2013 and 2014

Species Abunda % Indivb % Presc Family Origd Pollene Nestf Behavg Sizeh Methodi
(n = 5,331) (n = 17)
Colletes inaequalis Say, 1837 22 0.41 59 Colletidae N P S S M B
Colletes latitarsis Robertson, 1891 1 0.02 6 Colletidae N O S S M P
Colletes thoracicus Smith, 1853 1 0.02 6 Colletidae N P S S L H
Hylaeus (Hylaeus) mesillae (Cockerell, 1896) 8 0.15 24 Colletidae N P C S S P
Hylaeus (Prosopis) affinis (Smith, 1853) / modestus Say, 1837 9 0.17 29 Colletidae N P C S S P
Hylaeus undet. 1 0.02 6 Colletidae N P C S S H
Agapostemon (Agapostemon) sericeus (Förster, 1771) 11 0.21 41 Halictidae N P S S M P
Agapostemon (Agapostemon) texanus Cresson, 1872 51 0.96 88 Halictidae N P S S M B
Agapostemon (Agapostemon) virescens (Fabricius, 1775) 175 3.28 100 Halictidae N P S S M B
Augochlora (Augochlora) pura (Say, 1837) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P SW S M P
Augochlorella aurata (Smith, 1853) 17 0.32 47 Halictidae N P S E S P
Halictus (Nealictus) parallelus Say, 1837 5 0.09 24 Halictidae N P S E M B
Halictus (Odontalictus) ligatus Say, 1837 295 5.53 100 Halictidae N P S E M B
Halictus (Protohalictus) rubicundus (Christ, 1791) 26 0.49 76 Halictidae N P S E M B
Halictus (Seladonia) confusus Smith, 1853 385 7.22 100 Halictidae N P S E S B
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) anomalum (Robertson, 1892) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bruneri (Crawford, 1902) 28 0.53 47 Halictidae N P S E M B
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) coreopsis (Robertson, 1902) 2 0.04 6 Halictidae N P S E S B
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) cressonii (Robertson, 1890) 18 0.34 53 Halictidae N P SW E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ellisiae (Sandhouse, 1924) 8 0.15 41 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ephialtum Gibbs 2010 208 3.90 100 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) fattigi (Mitchell, 1960) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) illinoense (Robertson, 1892) 929 17.43 94 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) imitatum (Smith, 1853) 89 1.67 71 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) izawsum Gibbs, 2011 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) katherineae Gibbs, 2011 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) laevissimum (Smith, 1853) 3 0.06 18 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) leucocomum (Lovell, 1908) 44 0.83 59 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) lineatulum (Crawford, 1906) 5 0.09 29 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) oceanicum (Cockerell, 1916) 2 0.04 12 Halictidae N P S E M P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) oblongum (Lovell, 1905) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P SW E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pilosum (Smith, 1853) 764 14.33 100 Halictidae N P S E S B
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) planatum (Lovell 1905) 4 0.08 24 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) platyparium (Robertson 1895) 3 0.06 18 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) smilacinae (Robertson, 1899) 17 0.32 41 Halictidae N P S E S B
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) subviridatum (Cockerell, 1938) 2 0.04 12 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) taylorae Gibbs, 2010 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare (Robertson, 1890) 264 4.95 94 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) undet. 12 0.23 6 Halictidae N P – – – P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) versans (Lovell, 1905) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) versatum (Robertson) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) vierecki (Crawford, 1904) 26 0.49 24 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) viridatum (Lovell, 1905) 2 0.04 12 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) weemsi (Mitchell 1960) 44 0.83 76 Halictidae N P S E S P
Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) cinctipes (Provancher, 1888) 2 0.04 12 Halictidae N P S E M P
Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) foxii (Robertson, 1895) 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P S S S P
Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) nelumbonis (Robertson, 1890) 7 0.13 18 Halictidae N P S S S P
Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) pectorale (Smith, 1853) 105 1.97 100 Halictidae N P S S S P
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) acuminatum McGinley, 1986 4 0.08 24 Halictidae N P S S M P
Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) coriaceum (Smith, 1853) 10 0.19 29 Halictidae N P S S M P
Lasioglossum (Leuchalictus) leucozonium (Schrank, 1781) 35 0.66 71 Halictidae E P S S M B
Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) oenotherae (Stevens, 1920) 125 2.34 88 Halictidae N O S S M B
Sphecodes confertus Say, 1837 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P [S] P – P
Sphecodes coronus Mitchell, 1956 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Sphecodes fattigi Mitchell, 1956 1 0.02 6 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Sphecodes illinoensis (Robertson, 1903) 6 0.11 24 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Sphecodes mandibularis Cresson, 1872 5 0.09 18 Halictidae N P [S] P S P
Andrena (Andrena) carolina Viereck, 1909 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Andrena (Andrena) frigida Smith, 1853 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) asteris Robertson, 1891 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) helianthi Robertson, 1891 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) placata Mitchell, 1960 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Andrena (Larandrena) miserabilis Cresson, 1872 21 0.39 59 Andrenidae N P S S M B
Andrena (Leucandrena) barbilabris (Kirby, 1802) 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Melandrena) carlini Cockerell, 1901 10 0.19 41 Andrenidae N P S S M B
Andrena (Melandrena) commoda Smith, 1879 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Melandrena) regularis Malloch, 1917 3 0.06 12 Andrenidae N P S S M B
Andrena (Melandrena) vicina Smith, 1853 2 0.04 12 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Plastandrena) crataegi Robertson, 1893 3 0.06 6 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Scrapteropsis) alleghaniensis Viereck, 1907 14 0.26 41 Andrenidae N P S S M B
Andrena (Scrapteropsis) imitatrix Cresson, 1872 3 0.06 12 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Simandrena) nasonii Robertson, 1895 9 0.17 18 Andrenidae N P S S S P
Andrena (Taeniandrena) wilkella (Kirby, 1802) 3 0.06 18 Andrenidae E P S S S H
Andrena (Trachandrena) hippotes Robertson, 1895 1 0.02 6 Andrenidae N P S S M P
Andrena (Tylandrena) erythrogaster (Ashmead, 1890) 3 0.06 6 Andrenidae N O S S M P
Calliopsis (Calliopsis) andreniformis Smith, 1853 78 1.46 71 Andrenidae N P S S S P
Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) 8 0.15 29 Megachilidae E P C S L P
Anthidium (Proanthidium) oblongatum (Illiger, 1806) 9 0.17 41 Megachilidae E P C S M B
Hoplitis (Alcidamea) producta (Cresson, 1864) 10 0.19 41 Megachilidae N P P S M P
Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius, 1793) 5 0.09 24 Megachilidae E P C S M B
Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson, 1878 6 0.11 29 Megachilidae N P C S M B
Megachile (Megachile) centuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 5 0.09 24 Megachilidae N P C S M B
Megachile (Megachile) montivaga Cresson, 1878 2 0.04 12 Megachilidae N P C S M P
Megachile (Xanthosarus) latimanus Say, 1823 1 0.02 6 Megachilidae N P C S L P
Osmia (Melanosmia) bucephala Cresson, 1864 4 0.08 24 Megachilidae N P C/P S L P
Osmia (Melanosmia) distincta Cresson, 1864 1 0.02 6 Megachilidae N P C/P S M P
Osmia (Melanosmia) pumila Cresson, 1864 20 0.38 65 Megachilidae N P C/P S M B
Osmia (Melanosmia) atriventris Cresson, 1864 3 0.06 12 Megachilidae N P C/P S M P
Apis (Apis) mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 256 4.80 100 Apidae E P C1 E L B
Bombus (Pyrobombus) bimaculatus Cresson, 1863 8 0.15 41 Apidae N P C1 E L B
Bombus (Pyrobombus) impatiens Cresson, 1863 234 4.39 100 Apidae N P C1 E L B
Bombus (Pyrobombus) perplexus Cresson, 1863 4 0.08 24 Apidae N P C1 E L B
Bombus (Pyrobombus) vagans Smith, 1854 4 0.08 18 Apidae N P C1 E L P
Bombus (Separatobombus) griseocollis (DeGeer, 1773) 10 0.19 41 Apidae N P C1 E L B
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) calcarata Robertson, 1900 207 3.88 82 Apidae N P P B S B
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) dupla Say, 1837 18 0.34 41 Apidae N P P B S B
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) mikmaqi (Rehan + Sheffield, 2011) 6 0.11 29 Apidae N P P B S P
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) strenua Smith, 1879 495 9.29 100 Apidae N P P B S B
Ceratina (Zadontomerus) undet. 8 0.15 6 Apidae N P P B S P
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) agilis Cresson, 1878 3 0.06 18 Apidae N O S S M P
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) subillatus LaBerge, 1961 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P S S M P
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) trinodis Robertson, 1901 2 0.04 6 Apidae N P S S M P
Melissodes (Heliomelissodes) desponsus Smith, 1854 1 0.02 6 Apidae N O S S M P
Melissodes (Melissodes) bimaculatus (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1825) 3 0.06 18 Apidae N P S S L P
Nomada articulata Smith, 1854 7 0.13 24 Apidae N P [S] P S P
Nomada australis Mitchell, 1962 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P [S] P S P
Nomada bidentate 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P [S] P M P
Nomada cressonii Robertson, 1893 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P [S] P S P
Nomada illinoensis Robertson, 1900 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P [S] P S P
Nomada luteoloides Robertson, 1895 1 0.02 6 Apidae N P [S] P M P
Nomada maculata Cresson, 1863 8 0.15 35 Apidae N P [S] P M P
Panurginus potentillae (Crawford 1916) 2 0.04 12 Apidae N P S S S P
Peponapis (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say, 1837) 9 0.17 29 Apidae N O S S L P
Xylocopa (Xylocopoides) virginica (Linnaeus, 1771) 16 0.30 53 Apidae N P W B L B

a Abundance is the total number of specimens collected for both years across all sites.

b % of Individuals is the percentage of total collection identified as this species (n = 5,331).

c % Sites is the percentage of sampled yards with this species (n = 17 sites).

d Origin: Each species is classified as native (N) or exotic (E) to North America based on Cane (2003).

e Pollen specificity: Each species is classified as either oligolectic (O; a pollen specialist collecting pollen from a single plant family or genus) or polylectic (P; a pollen generalist collecting pollen from multiple plant families).

f Nest substrate: Classification of the nest substrate of each species. Soil (S), cavity (C), soft/rotting wood (SW), wood (W), or pith (P); nest substrates in brackets indicate the host of a parasitic species. Nesting preference annotated with C1 for cavities in preexisting, constructed or manmade burrows or crevices to house reproductive chambers (e.g. Cane et al. 2007).

g Behavior: Classification of the nesting behavior of each species. Solitary or communal (S), subsocial (B), eusocial (E), or parasitic (P).

h Size is the intertegular distance classification. < 1.5 mm = Small (S), 1.6–3 mm = Medium (M), > 3.1 mm = Large (L). When only males collected, no measurements taken (–).

i Method is the bee capture method. Hand-netted (H), pan traps (P), both hand-netted and pan traps (B).

Underlined ecological characteristics indicate when species characteristics were inferred from closely related species.

Species in bold represent county records.