Fig 1. Invasion assay, in absence or in presence of PLA₂ inhibitors, and viability after incubation of INS-1E cells with E. coli.

Panel A: invasion of INS-1E cells with E. coli for 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h and 10h. Values are expressed as a percentage of invasion ± SD by three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Statistically significant differences, by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-test are indicated (*p<0.05 vs 2h invasion). Panel B: effect of PLA₂ inhibitors (50 μM AACOCF3 or 2.5 μM BEL) on 8h E. coli invasion of INS-1E cells. Values are expressed as a percentage of invasion ± SD by three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Statistically significant differences, by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-test are indicated (*p<0.05 vs 8h invasion without inhibitors). Panel C: number of live non-infected cells and after short-term and long-term infection (see Materials and Methods). Values, in percentage compared to control cells incubated in absence of bacteria (mean ± SD) are from three independent experiments (n = 3).