The status of transgenes in porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived by the episomal system. (A): PCR analysis indicates random integrations of episomal vectors. The sequences of transgenic DNA fragments were detected in clone pM1–3-1 (P1), pM1–3-1 (P30), pM3-2-2 (P1), pM3-2-2 (P30), pM12-6-2 (P1), and pM12-6-2 (P30) using 11 primer pairs covering the entire pMaster vector. (B): Quantitative PCR for exogenous and endogenous OCT4 and NANOG expression. Data are shown as relative expression to inner cell mass (ICM) from porcine in vitro fertilization blastocysts (7 days). Error bars indicate the SD generated from triplicates. (C): DNA methylation status of OCT4 in porcine iPSC pM12-6-2 (P30, upper right) and pM12-6-2 (P1, lower left), ICM from blastocysts (lower right), and PFFs (upper left) analyzed by sodium bisulfite sequencing. Open circles indicate unmethylated, and filled circles indicate methylated CpG dinucleotides, respectively. The methylation level (%) was based on the methylated CpGs/all examined CpGs. Abbreviation: PFF, porcine fetal fibroblast.