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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2016 Aug 17;106:167–179. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.024

Figure 5. Activation of signaling pathways in dental CSs in vitro.

Figure 5

H&E images and IF analyses of multilayered DE DM CSs GelMA constructs cultured in osteogenic media for 24 h and 4 days, stained with SHH, RUNX2 and BMP2 in green, and VM positive DM cells in red. The red staining identifies the DM CSs, while, the absence of red staining identifies the DE cells. Arrows indicate expression. H&E stained DE DM CSs GelMA constructs cultured in osteogenic media for 24 h (A) and 4 days (E). SHH staining was detected in DE and DM CSs after 24 h (B) and 4 days (F). RUNX2 staining was faintly detected at the interface of DE and DM CSs (C), but strongly detected at the second layer of DE CSs after 24 h (inset in the image C), and detected in DE and DM CSs after 4 days (G). BMP2 staining was detected in DE and DM CSs after 24 h (D) and 4 days (H). No staining was detected in the negative controls (I, J and K).