. 2016 Sep 15;11(9):e0160560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160560

Table 3. Use of health care resources during the first four years of life by treatment of first episode.

	Antibiotic treatment for first AOM episode
	Crude rate ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted rate ratio^a (95% CI)
Total number of consultations	0.79 (0.67–0.93)	0.88 (0.74–1.03)
Total number of prescribed oral antibiotics	0.86 (0.70–1.05)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)
	Crude risk ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted risk ratio^a (95% CI)
Incidence of specialist referral	0.81 (0.55–1.17)	0.75 (0.51–1.10)

In all analysis follow-up duration was used as the offset variable.

^a Adjusted for confounders: gender, season of birth, parental education level, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, number of older siblings, household-smoking, daycare attendance, age of first AOM episode and number of oral antibiotics prior to the first AOM episode (irrespective of indication).

Abbreviations: AOM, acute otitis media. CI, confidence interval.