Table 2. Review of prophylactic therapy.

First author and reference	Design	Method	Intervention	N	Circumference of mucosal defect, %	Entire-circumference, n (%)	Follow-up period	Stricture rate, %	Sessions of EBD required
Yamaguchi 7	Retrospective	Oral steroid administration	Oral prednisolone	19	≥ 75.0	3 (15.8)	NA	5.3	1.7 (0 – 7)1
Isomoto 10	Retrospective		Oral prednisolone	4	100.0	4 (100)	11 (5 – 22) months	50.0	3.3 (0 – 11)1
Sato 9	Retrospective		Oral prednisolone	13	100.0	13 (100)	9 weeks	100.0	13.8 ± 6.92
Miwata 11	Retrospective		Oral prednisolone	13	100.0	13 (100)	NA	100.0	> 5, 67 %3
Hanaoka 4	Prospective historical	Steroid injection	Triamcinolone injection	30	≥ 75.0	0 (0)	2 months	10.0	0 (0 – 2)4
Nagami 5	Retrospective case controlled		Steroid injection	28	73.7 ± 13.9	0 (0)	2 months	10.7	NA
Takahashi 6	RCT		Triamcinolone injection	16	≥ 75.0	5 (31.3)	16.1 ± 5.6 months	62.5	6.1 ± 6.22
Hanaoka 14	Retrospective		Triamcinolone injection	12	100.0	12 (100)	NA	91.7	13 (0 – 40)4
Miwata 11	Retrospective		Prednisolone injection	6	100.0	6 (100)	NA	100.0	> 5, 33 %3
Sakaguchi 13	Prospective one arm	PGA sheet with fibrin glue	PGA sheet with fibrin glue	8	≥ 75.0	NA	NA	37.5	0.8 ± 1.22
Sakaguchi 15	Prospective one arm	Hybrid therapy	Hybrid therapy	11	≥ 75.0	2 (18.2)	12 weeks	18.2	0 (0 – 29)4
Present study – all patients	Retrospective one arm		Hybrid therapy	10	≥ 83.3	6 (60.0)	2 months or until scarring confirmed	50	0.5 (0 – 16)4
Present study – subanalysis	Retrospective one arm		Hybrid therapy	8	≥ 83.3	5 (71.4)	2 months or until scarring confirmed	37.5	0 (0 – 4)4

EBD, endoscopic balloon dilatation; NA, not available; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PGA, polyglycolic acid.

¹Data expressed as mean (range).

²Mean ± standard deviation.

³Percentage of patients requiring EBD > 5 times.

⁴Median (range).