Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted associations between maternal distress, SES ladder scores and community ladder scores for white and Black/African-American mothers (n=156).a
| White Mothers (n=68) | Black/African American Mothers (n=88) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β(SE) | β(SE) | |||||
| Depressive Symptoms b | Anxiety c | Social Support d | Depressive Symptoms b | Anxiety c+ | Social Support d | |
| INDIVIDUAL LADDERS | ||||||
| SES LADDER | ||||||
| UNADJUSTED | −1.00(0.68) | −2.20(0.85)* | 1.00(0.55) | −1.00(0.76) | −0.78(0.75) | 1.00(0.55) |
| ADJUSTED e | −0.95(0.61) | −1.35(1.00) | 1.18(0.72) | −0.14(0.82) | −0.18(0.68) | 0.80(0.70) |
| COMMUNITY LADDER | ||||||
| UNADJUSTED | −1.50(1.06) | −1.63(1.02) | 1.33(0.55)* | −2.00(0.64)** | −1.20(0.76) | 1.57(0.38)*** |
| ADJUSTED e | −1.60(0.90) | −1.95(1.28) | 1.07(0.50)* | −1.00(0.73) | −0.59(0.69) | 1.47(0.49)** |
| SES & COMMUNITY LADDERS | ||||||
| UNADJUSTED | ||||||
| SES Ladder | −0.92(0.66) | −1.67(1.02) | 0.22(0.46) | −0.47(0.63) | −0.54(0.81) | 0.14(0.41) |
| Community Ladder | −0.75(1.11) | −0.67(1.19) | 1.11(0.55)* | −1.67(0.64)* | −0.62(0.75) | 1.43(0.44)** |
| ADJUSTED e | ||||||
| SES Ladder | −0.34(0.68) | −0.47(1.11) | 0.21(0.76) | 0.15(0.91) | 0.18(0.82) | 0.15(0.58) |
| Community Ladder | −1.35(0.98) | −1.55(1.38) | 0.92(0.62) | −0.84(0.71) | −0.68(0.80) | 1.48(0.51)** |
a
Regression coefficient (bootstrapped standard error).
*
p<.05;
**
p<.01;
***
p<.001
b
Measured by the CESD (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)
c
Measured by the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Index);
+
n=87
d
Measured by the FSSQ (Functional Social Support Questionnaire)
e
Adjusted for: additional ladder, maternal education, number of children in the home, maternal age, and maternal race