Fig. 3.
Alignment of isolated and characterized cysteine-rich antifungal proteins from filamentous ascomycetes (a). Based on the amino acid similarity they are separated into three different groups (PAF-, BP-, and NFAP2-cluster proteins), and further four different subgroups are distinguishable in the PAF-cluster proteins. Maximum likelihood tree of isolated PAF- and BP-cluster proteins, and NFAP2 and its homologs detected through BLAST searches in published fungal genomes (b). ML bootstrap values >50 % are shown next to branches, all bootstrap values are available on Additional file 1: Fig. S3. The antifungal proteins included in the phylogenetic analyses separated into three major clades, Group 1 (BP-cluster proteins, blue), Group 2 (PAF-cluster proteins, yellow) and Group 3 (NFAP2 and its homologs, green). The presence of four different subgroups of PAF-cluster proteins is also supported by the phylogenetic tree. Abbreviations of isolated and characterized proteins: AcAFP, Aspergillus clavatus VR1 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: A1CSS4), AcAMP, Aspergillus clavatus ES1 antimicrobial peptide (Acc. No.: D3Y2M3), AFP, Aspergillus giganteus MDH 18894 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: P17737), AFPNN5353, Aspergillus giganteus A3274 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: not available, Binder et al. 2011); AFPB, Penicillium digitatum CECT 20796 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: K9FGI7); ANAFP, Aspergillus niger KCTC 2025 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: A2QM98); BP, Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx ‘bubble protein’ (Acc. No.: G5DC88); FPAP, Fusarium polyphialidicum SZMC 11042 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: E1UGX4); NAF, Penicillium nalgiovense BFE 66, 67, 474 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: not available, Geisen 2000); NFAP, Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: D4YWE1); NFAP2, Neosartorya fischeri NRRL 181 antifungal protein 2 (Acc. No.: A1DBL3); PAF, Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 antifungal protein (Acc. No.: B6HWK0); Pc-Arctin, Penicillium chrysogenum A096 ‘bubble protein’ (Acc. No.: CAP96194); PgAFP, Penicillium chrysogenum RP42C antifungal protein (Acc. No.: D0EXD3). The Acc. No. or Protein ID of the putative protein is indicated in the panel b at NFAP2 homologs. For further information (species name, sequence, etc.) see Additional file 1: Table S1