Table 1.
Variations in BMA and the presence of gelatinous BM transformation in patients with AN, as reported in case–control studies and case reports.
| N | Age | BMI | BMA measurement site | Method for measuring BMA | Change in BMA | Presence of GBMT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anorexic/normal | Anorexic/normal | Anorexic/normal | |||||
| Bredella et al. (35) | 14/12 | 29.5 ± 7.1/30.8 ± 6.6 | 17.7 ± 1/22.1 ± 1.7 | Femoral diaphysis | (1)H-MRS | ↑ | ND |
| Fazeli et al. (36) | 7/15 | 33.1 ± 2.8 | 18.2 ± 0.6/21.9 ± 0.4 | Lumbar vertebra | (1)H-MRS | ↑ | ND |
| Proximal femoral epiphysis | → | ||||||
| Proximal femoral metaphysis | → | ||||||
| Proximal femoral diaphysis | → | ||||||
| Ecklund et al. (37) | 30/– | 16.1 ± 1.6/16.3 ± 1.6 | 16.9 ± 1.5/22.3 ± 2.0 | Distal femoral metaphysic | MRI and relaxometry | ↑ | ND |
| Proximal tibia metaphysis | ↑ | ||||||
| Bredella et al. (20) | 10/10 | 29.8 ± 7.6/30.8 ± 6.6 | 17.6 ± 1/21.9 ± 1.7 | Lumbar vertebra | (1)H-MRS | ↑ | ND |
| Proximal femoral epiphysis | → | ||||||
| Proximal femoral metaphysis | ↑ | ||||||
| Proximal femoral diaphysis | ↑ | ||||||
| Mayo-Smith et al. (38) | 15/58 | 15–33/18–44 | ND/ND | Lumbar spine (L1-L4) | Dual energy CT scanning | ↑ | ND |
| Geiser et al. (39) | 20/19 | 15–56/21–56 | 14.5/22 | Femoral epiphysis | (1)H-MRS and relaxometry | ↓ | ND |
| Femoral diaphysis | → | ||||||
| Lumbar spine | → | ||||||
| Abella et al. (40) | 44/– | 22.5 ± 5.3/– | ND/– | Iliac crest | Histology | ↑ in 35% of cases | In 50% of cases |
| Boutin et al. (41) | 10/– | 17–57/– | ND/– | Many different bone sites | MRI | ND | In all cases |
| Lambert et al. (42) | 10/19 | 17.2 ± 0.7/18.7 ± 0.5 | 14 ± 0.5/22.3 ± 0.4 | Lumbar spine, pelvis, proximal femur | MRI | ND | 40% of cases |
| Vande Berg et al. (43) | 19/– | 15–35/– | –/– | Proximal to distal lower limb | MRI | ND | 79% of cases |
| Vande Berg et al. (44) | 14/– | 27 ± 10/– | 13.9 ± 2.6/– | Lumbar spine, pelvis, proximal femur | MRI | ND | 43% of cases |
| Mant and Faragher (45) | 6/– | 16–44 | ND | Iliac crest | Histology | ND | 83% of cases |
| Case reports of AN with GBMTa | 18 | 12.1 ± 1.5/9.3–16 | Iliac crest for half of the cases. Proximal femur, pelvis, foot or not specified for the other cases | Histology, cytologyb | ↓ | All cases | |
BMI, body mass index; BMA, bone marrow adiposity; GBMT, gelatinous bone marrow transformation; H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ND, not determined; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; ND, not determined; AN, anorexia nervosa.
Arrows: the variations in patients with AN differed significantly from those observed in control subjects.
bExcept for two cases where MRI was applied.