Table 2.

Main techniques and theories emerged from literature considering the three PHE domains.

PHE domains	Techniques	Theories/Models
Behavioral	• Goal setting and planning (Shively et al., 2005, 2013; Riegel et al., 2006; Kersten et al., 2015; Shah et al., 2015) • Motivational interviewing (Anderson et al., 1995; Riegel et al., 2006; Linden et al., 2010; Benzo et al., 2012)	Patient Activation Theory (Hibbard et al., 2004) Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1986) Self-Regulation Theory (Leventhal, 1984)
Cognitive	• Question-asking tasks (Hochhalter et al., 2010; Deen et al., 2011; Maranda et al., 2014; Maclachlan et al., 2016) • Psycho-education sessions (Druss et al., 2010; Maindal et al., 2011; O'Leary et al., 2015; Krouse et al., 2016; Lara-Cabrera et al., 2016) • Salutogenesis exercises to map external resources (Tan et al., 2016) • Dai0ly diaries for self-monitoring (Nagykaldi et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2013)	Health Belief Model (Janz and Becker, 1984) Patient Activation Theory (Hibbard et al., 2004) Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) Self-determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 2008)
Emotional	• Positive psychology exercises • Expressive writing tasks • Salutogenesis exercises to strengthen inner resources (Tan et al., 2016) • Illness experience maps (Hall et al., 2015)	Stress Coping Model (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) Salutogenesis (Antonovsky, 1996) Positive Psychology (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2014)