Table 2.

Coding tree

Code	Description
Potential benefits
Initial motivation	HPFI generate initial motivation for healthy behaviours
Practical considerations
Effectiveness	Considerations around initial and long-term effectiveness
Cost-effectiveness	Considerations around value-for-money
Monitoring	Considerations around ‘gaming’ and how this can be avoided
Intervention paradigm	HPFI do not address the ‘root causes’ of unhealthy behaviours
Views of others	Considerations around how other stakeholders may view HPFI
Ethical considerations
Culture of entitlement	HPFI create a culture of entitlement
Discrimination	HPFI are discriminatory and divisive
Incentive design format
Direction	A positive reward or negative penalty
Form	Cash, vouchers, or specific goods and services
Certainty	Certain, uncertain chance, or certain chance
Magnitude	Total value of the incentive
Recipient	Individual, group, significant other, clinician or parent
‘Other’ issues
Free coding…	…