Table 1.

Enzyme‐based reporter genes developed for use with hyperpolarized ¹³C‐labeled cell substrates.

Reporter Gene Protein Product	Reporter Enzyme Hyperpolarized Substrate	Reporter Enzyme Hyperpolarized Product	Suggested Application	Reference
Carboxypeptidase G2	3,5‐difluorobenzoyl‐l‐glutamic acid (3,5‐DFBGlu)	3,5‐difluorobenzoic acid (3,5‐DFBA)	Gene‐directed enzyme prodrug therapies	12
Aminoacylase‐1	[1‐13C] N‐acetyl‐l‐methionine	[1‐13C] methionine	Monitoring longitudinal interaction between cell and host in cell‐based therapies	14
Maltose‐binding protein‐mouse lactate dehydrogenase fusion	[1‐13C] 4‐methyl‐2‐oxopentanoic acid	[1‐13C] 4‐methyl‐2‐ hydroxypentanoic acid	Protein tagging	13