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. 2016 Sep 16;6:33405. doi: 10.1038/srep33405

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Typical responses of arterial blood pressure (BP), mean BP (MBP), heart rate (HR), Δcalf circumference, and amplitude of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to the head-up tilt (HUT) test, under without GVS (a, left panel) and with weak GVS ((a), right panel) at 1–4 days after return (P1). Sum of differences in ΔBP between the initial response (within 20 s) to HUT without GVS and with weak GVS [(without GVS)−(weak GVS)] (b). Open circle and dashed line represent individual data, and closed circle and solid line represent mean ± standard error of the mean for 6 subjects.