Disc annulus fibrosus cells were treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 or 5 ng/ml IL-1β or with 0, 20, 40 or 80 ng/ml HMGB1 for 24 h, then the supernatant levels of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were examined with ELISA methods. (A and B) Supernatant levels of PGE2 and TNF-α (A) or IL-6 and IL-8 (B) in the IL-1β-treated disc annulus fibrosus cells. (C and D): Supernatant levels of PGE2 and TNF-α (C) or IL-6 and IL-8 (D) in the HMGB1-treated disc annulus fibrosus cells. Results are presented as mean ± S.E.M. for quartic independent experiments. P values were calculated by Student t test between two groups, post the ANOVA test for the homogeneity of variance. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 or ns: no significance.