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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 16.
Published in final edited form as: Sociol Sci. 2014 Apr 21;1:141–158. doi: 10.15195/v1.a11
Scale Name (alpha) Components
Non-cognitive Readiness (.835) can’t concentrate, can’t pay attention
can’t sit still, is restless or hyperactive
clings to adults or is too dependent
cries a lot
is disobedient
doesn’t get along with other children
doesn’t seem to feel guilty after misbehaving
has trouble getting to sleep
nervous, high strung, or tense
is stubborn, sullen, or irritable
has sudden changes in mood or feelings
has temper tantrums or a hot temper
is too fearful or anxious
is unhappy, sad, depressed
wants a lot of attention
is withdrawn, doesn’t get involved
acts too young for their age
Paternal Self-Control (.842)13 often say whatever comes into head w/o thinking
don’t think enough before I act
often say/do things w/o considering consequences
often get into trouble b/c I don’t think before I act
my plans fail b/c I fail to think them through first
often make up mind w/o considering the situation
Maternal Parenting Stress (.614) being a parent is harder than I thought
feel trapped by my parental responsibilities
taking care of children is more work than pleasure
often feel tired and worn out by raising a family
13

Paternal self-control is a measure based on father reports collected at wave 2 (child aged one). This variable is constructed from reports of whether fathers (1) strongly agreed, (2) agreed, (3) disagreed, or (4) strongly disagreed with six questions asking about their impulsive behaviors. It is based on the Dickman impulsivity scale.