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Levels of cytokines were analyzed in testes co-culture media via ELISA after exposure to several phthalate esters. Several cytokines produced by both macrophages and testes cells were altered after exposure to toxic (DBP, DEHP), but not non-toxic (DEP) phthalates. Graphs show mean +/− standard error for 3 replicate experiments *:p<0.05 vs. control at corresponding timepoint
