Table 1. Statistical summary for the effect of post-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate of differing molecular weights on mean power, force, and velocity during back squat exercise.
| Contrast | Treatment Effect (%) and 90% Confidence Limits (%) | Directional Outcome and Qualitative Inferencea | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Power | PLA—HMW | Set 1 | -0.8 (1.7,-3.3) | Unclear | 0.582 |
| Set 2 | -2.5 (-0.1,-4.9) | Harm likely | 0.089 | ||
| Set 3 | -6.0 (-3.6,-8.3) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Set 4 | -6.8 (-4.4,-9.1) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Set 5 | -8.1 (-5.7,-10.4) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Average | -4.9 (-3.8,-5.9) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| PLA—LMW | Set 1 | -1.5 (1.0,-4.0) | Harm possible | 0.314 | |
| Set 2 | -0.9 (1.7,-3.4) | Unclear | 0.586 | ||
| Set 3 | -2.7 (-0.2,-5.1) | Harm likely | 0.076 | ||
| Set 4 | -2.2 (0.3,-4.7) | Harm likely | 0.145 | ||
| Set 5 | -2.2 (0.4,-4.7) | Harm likely | 0.162 | ||
| Average | -1.9 (-0.8,-3.0) | Harm likely | 0.006 | ||
| HMW—LMW | Set 1 | -0.7 (1.8,-3.5) | unclear | 0.638 | |
| Set 2 | 1.7 (4.4,-0.8) | Benefit possible | 0.270 | ||
| Set 3 | 3.5 (6.1,0.9) | Benefit likely | 0.026 | ||
| Set 4 | 4.9 (7.6,2.3) | Benefit very likely | 0.002 | ||
| Set 5 | 6.4 (9.2,3.7) | Benefit almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Average | 3.1 (4.3,2.0) | Benefit almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Force | PLA—HMW | Set 1 | -0.1 (0.5,-0.8) | Trivial very likely | 0.785 |
| Set 2 | -0.1 (0.6,-0.7) | Trivial very likely | 0.894 | ||
| Set 3 | 0.1 (0.8,-0.5) | Trivial very likely | 0.714 | ||
| Set 4 | 0.3 (0.9,-0.4) | Trivial very likely | 0.511 | ||
| Set 5 | -0.5 (0.2,-1.1) | Trivial likely | 0.235 | ||
| Average | 0.0 (0.2,-0.3) | Trivial almost certain | 0.795 | ||
| PLA—LMW | Set 1 | 0.7 (1.4,0.0) | Trivial likely | 0.080 | |
| Set 2 | 0.6 (1.3,-0.1) | Trivial likely | 0.145 | ||
| Set 3 | 0.6 (1.2,-0.1) | Trivial likely | 0.158 | ||
| Set 4 | 1.0 (1.6,0.3) | Trivial possible | 0.017 | ||
| Set 5 | 0.5 (1.2,-0.2) | Trivial likely | 0.209 | ||
| Average | 0.7 (1.0,0.4) | Trivial very likely | <0.001 | ||
| HMW—LMW | Set 1 | 0.8 (1.5,0.2) | Trivial possible | 0.043 | |
| Set 2 | 0.6 (1.3,0.0) | Trivial likely | 0.112 | ||
| Set 3 | 0.4 (1.1,-0.2) | Trivial likely | 0.297 | ||
| Set 4 | 0.7 (1.4,0.0) | Trivial likely | 0.080 | ||
| Set 5 | 1.0 (1.7,0.3) | Trivial possible | 0.014 | ||
| Average | 0.7 (1.0,0.4) | Trivial likely | <0.001 | ||
| Velocity | PLA—HMW | Set 1 | -0.3 (2.3,-2.8) | unclear | 0.857 |
| Set 2 | -2.4 (0.1,-4.9) | Harm likely | 0.109 | ||
| Set 3 | -5.9 (-3.5,-8.3) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Set 4 | -6.8 (-4.4,-9.1) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Set 5 | -7.3 (-4.9,-9.7) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| Average | -4.6 (-3.5,-5.7) | Harm almost certain | <0.001 | ||
| PLA—LMW | Set 1 | -1.4 (1.2,-3.9) | unclear | 0.441 | |
| Set 2 | -1.2 (1.4,-3.8) | unclear | 0.054 | ||
| Set 3 | -3.0 (-0.4,-5.4) | Harm likely | 0.060 | ||
| Set 4 | -2.9 (-0.4,-5.4) | Harm likely | 0.132 | ||
| Set 5 | -2.4 (0.2,-4.9) | Harm likely | 0.385 | ||
| Average | -2.2 (-1.0,-3.6) | Harm very likely | 0.002 | ||
| HMW—LMW | Set 1 | -1.1 (1.5,-3.6) | unclear | 0.488 | |
| Set 2 | 1.2 (3.9,-1.4) | unclear | 0.436 | ||
| Set 3 | 3.1 (5.8,0.5) | Benefit likely | 0.047 | ||
| Set 4 | 4.2 (6.9,1.5) | Benefit very likely | 0.008 | ||
| Set 5 | 5.3 (8.1,2.6) | Benefit almost certain | 0.001 | ||
| Average | 2.5 (3.7,1.4) | Benefit very likely | <0.001 |
aMagnitude based inference as described in the Methods.