Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios of 12-Month and Lifetime DSM-5 Cannabis Use Disorder and Psychiatric Disorders a
| Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12-Month Cannabis Use Disorder | Lifetime Cannabis Use Disorder | |||||||
| Any Cannabis Use Disorder | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Any Cannabis Use Disorder | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
| Any other substance use disorder | 9.3 (7.70–11.21) | 7.4 (5.92–9.34) | 12.2 (7.76–19.31) | 13.1 (7.86–21.98) | 14.5 (11.95–17.60) | 10.5 (7.81–14.09) | 19.4 (13.56–27.72) | 21.9 (15.24–31.56) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 6.0 (5.10–6.97) | 5.1 (4.14–6.27) | 7.7 (5.06–11.60) | 6.8 (4.61–10.01) | 7.8 (6.95–8.74) | 6.1 (5.09–7.30) | 9.6 (7.51–12.31) | 10.1 (7.88–12.91) |
| Any other drug use disorder | 9.0 (6.65–12.19) | 6.6 (4.30–10.01) | 11.5 (7.18–18.42) | 13.4 (8.26–21.66) | 10.0 (8.56–11.76) | 7.9 (6.22–10.04) | 9.2 (7.29–11.69) | 14.6 (12.01–17.66) |
| Nicotine use disorder | 6.2 (5.24–7.34) | 4.8 (3.86–5.97) | 7.3 (5.11–10.41) | 10.5 (7.35–15.05) | 6.6 (5.79–7.64) | 5.1 (4.32–6.03) | 7.9 (6.08–10.25) | 8.9 (7.25–10.96) |
| Any mood disorder | 3.8 (3.10–4.56) | 2.8 (2.21–3.48) | 3.5 (2.55–4.75) | 8.1 (5.74–11.40) | 3.3 (2.94–3.73) | 2.3 (1.92–2.67) | 3.4 (2.67–4.31) | 5.6 (4.53–6.94) |
| Major depressive disorder | 2.8 (2.33–3.41) | 2.2 (1.77–2.84) | 3.1 (2.29–4.23) | 4.2 (2.76–6.40) | 2.6 (2.26–2.95) | 2.0 (1.65–2.47) | 2.6 (2.05–3.33) | 3.6 (2.97–4.34) |
| Bipolar I | 5.0 (3.65–6.75) | 3.4 (2.16–5.47) | 4.1 (2.29–7.22) | 10.1 (6.32–16.08) | 3.8 (3.10–4.59) | 2.2 (1.52–3.27) | 4.0 (2.82–5.80) | 5.9 (4.53–7.75) |
| Bipolar II | 2.7 (1.10–6.62) | 2.7 (0.80–9.46)b | 3.4 (0.74–15.51) b | 1.9 (0.42–8.18) b | 2.8 (1.51–5.23) | 2.3 (0.80–6.81) b | 3.3 (1.35–8.24) | 3.1 (1.34–7.26) |
| Any anxiety disorder | 2.8 (2.24–3.39) | 2.2 (1.64–2.93) | 2.9 (2.02–4.03) | 4.4 (2.96–6.56) | 2.9 (2.54–3.31) | 2.3 (1.87–2.73) | 3.0 (2.29–4.05) | 3.9 (3.16–4.86) |
| Panic disorder | 3.3 (2.50–4.48) | 2.5 (1.58–3.84) | 2.8 (1.60–5.04) | 6.6 (3.74–11.58) | 3.2 (2.66–3.76) | 2.4 (1.85–3.20) | 3.3 (2.29–4.72) | 4.3 (3.18–5.72) |
| Agoraphobia | 2.6 (1.64–4.06) | 2.4 (1.44–4.07) | 3.5 (1.39–9.08) | 2.0 (1.02–3.97) | 2.9 (2.25–3.79) | 2.1 (1.35–3.24) | 3.9 (2.35–6.34) | 3.5 (2.54–4.93) |
| Social phobia | 2.3 (1.61–3.27) | 1.3 (0.74–2.21) b | 3.5 (1.96–6.27) | 3.9 (1.85–8.18) | 2.7 (2.22–3.40) | 2.0 (1.42–2.90) | 2.6 (1.77–3.96) | 4.0 (2.85–5.53) |
| Specific phobia | 1.7 (1.28–2.29) | 1.4 (0.95–2.16) b | 2.2 (1.28–3.65) | 1.9 (1.21–3.14) | 2.1 (1.73–2.46) | 1.4 (1.04–1.91) | 2.9 (2.00–4.07) | 2.6 (2.01–3.24) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.7 (2.79–5.02) | 3.0 (2.01–4.34) | 3.6 (2.40–5.50) | 6.3 (3.43–11.53) | 3.2 (2.75–3.74) | 2.5 (2.01–3.10) | 3.4 (2.51–4.47) | 4.3 (3.26–5.64) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 4.3 (3.26–5.64) | 2.1 (1.34–3.30) | 6.2 (3.98–9.59) | 9.5 (6.18–14.75) | 3.8 (3.15–4.67) | 2.4 (1.81–3.21) | 4.3 (3.16–5.85) | 6.0 (4.55–7.88) |
| Any personality disorder | 4.8 (3.96–5.75) | 4.1 (3.30–4.99) | 4.4 (3.01–6.31) | 7.9 (4.98–12.59) | 4.7 (4.18–5.28) | 3.2 (2.76–3.74) | 4.7 (3.65–5.95) | 8.0 (6.34–10.19) |
| Schizotypal | 4.4 (3.60–5.46) | 3.7 (2.85–4.90) | 4.0 (2.82–5.63) | 7.0 (4.60–10.62) | 4.0 (3.46–4.72) | 2.7 (2.16–3.35) | 4.3 (3.26–5.60) | 6.2 (4.84–7.98) |
| Borderline | 5.0 (4.13–6.10) | 4.0 (3.13–5.15) | 4.9 (3.30–7.12) | 8.8 (5.83–13.41) | 4.5 (3.96–5.19) | 3.0 (2.49–3.53) | 4.6 (3.52–6.05) | 7.7 (6.17–9.67) |
| Antisocial | 3.8 (3.05–4.75) | 3.5 (2.61–4.62) | 3.9 (2.44–6.19) | 4.6 (2.95–7.18) | 4.7 (4.07–5.34) | 3.5 (2.89–4.27) | 4.4 (3.36–5.71) | 6.7 (5.26–8.53) |
a
Controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, family income, urban/rural, and region (Midwest, Northeast, South, West)
b
Except these odds ratios, all other odds ratios are significant (p < 0.05)