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. 2016 Jul 5;19(4):501–511. doi: 10.1007/s10456-016-9522-9

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Attenuation of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension by the combination treatment. Typical cirrhotic appearance with extensive nodular formation (a) and fibrotic septa (b) was presented in livers of the TAA group. These hepatic nodules and fibrotic septa (Masson’s trichrome staining, ×100 magnifications) were almost not observed in the TAA+ combination group. The fibrotic areas (c) and hepatic α-SMA (d) and collagen III (e) mRNA quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) also decreased in the TAA+ combination group. Mean arterial pressure (f) and heart rate (g) were comparable in three groups. Portal pressure in the TAA group was the highest among three groups (H). *p < 0.05 versus control group; ^# p < 0.05 versus TAA group